The invention provides a method using ultrasonic wave to detect the bonding quality. The method comprises the following steps: (1) utilizing an ultrasonic wave characteristic scanning technology to find the characteristic waves of rubber, a bonding agent, and a metal member, carrying out ultrasonic tomography in a designated depth range through ultrasonic waves to obtain the de-bonding area or weak-bonding area in any region, automatically recognizing the de-bonding areas and weak-bonding areas by a computer, and then individually calculating the de-bonding area and weak-bonding area; (2) according to the results of characteristic wave imaging, judging the bonding quality. In the step two, simulation software is adopted to calculate the area of each defect and the elastic amplitudes of all defect areas so as to judge the relative bonding strength of each defect area. According to the provided ultrasonic detection method, computer simulation recognition and control technologies are adopted, the artificial uncertain factors in conventional sampling method are reduced, the stability of monitoring technology is improved, thus the reliability of quality of bonded products is improved, and an aviation quality acceptance standard suitable for aviation products is mapped out.