114 results about "Thermal strain" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of laser material processing, and discloses a laser annealing temperature control method and device.The method comprises the steps that the specific heat capacity, the heat conductivity coefficient, the heat diffusivity, the heat radiation rate, the heat reflectivity and the heat loss coefficient are obtained, and a material thermal characteristic model is established; performing grid division according to the material thermal characteristic model to obtain a laser energy density parameter; extracting a thermal strain coefficient according to the laser energy density parameter, and establishing a temperature-thermal strain mapping relation prediction model; dynamically adjusting a laser power proportion and a pulse width time sequence according to the temperature-thermal strain mapping relation prediction model to obtain temperature field distribution data; according to the temperature field distribution data, carrying out shortest path analysis to obtain a temperature regulation and control decision; and according to the temperature regulation and control decision, inputting a preset control regulation model, and combining reinforcement learning iteration optimization parameters to obtain a temperature control scheme. According to the method, large-range temperature crossing and fine adjustment in an extremely short time can be realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of safety management, in particular to a mine safety production risk prevention and control method based on multi-source data fusion, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a coupling parameter set through a micro-seismic sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, detecting and extracting displacement points through Bayesian regression, and drawing a deformation diagram; determining a displacement area, counting an airflow velocity gradient, extracting a main fracture direction, generating an airflow path diagram, calculating a curvature change rate, positioning a sudden change area, extracting a thermal strain rate and an axial strain rate, generating a smooth curve, identifying a risk point, and expanding a boundary when the overlapping rate exceeds 60%, and redrawing a mine thermal-mechanical coupling risk map. According to the method, a multi-parameter analysis framework is constructed through micro-seismic and temperature and humidity data coupling to extract a deformation active band, difference statistics airflow velocity gradient is combined with a crack direction to correct an airflow path, a sudden change area is positioned based on a curvature change rate mean threshold, and thermal strain and axial strain are extracted to screen risk points. And constructing thermal variable amplitude mapping to represent the rock mass instability risk.

The invention relates to the technical field of computer-aided engineering, in particular to a nonlinear efficient iterative solving method for thermal strain load, which is used for solving an obtained finite element equation by using a modified Newton-Raphson method and comprises the following steps of: firstly, establishing a geometric model to be analyzed and performing grid division; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, setting a model to be analyzed, then setting boundary conditions and temperature field change conditions of the model to be analyzed, finally, inputting the conditions into an algorithm solver, solving a nonlinear equation set, iteratively inputting a load continuously according to a modified Newton-Raphson method in the solving process, calculating node displacement until convergence, and solving stress-strain conditions in the welding process according to a material constitutive relation. In the solving process, by judging the size of the two norms of the displacement increment obtained in the adjacent increment step heuristic stage, the convergence of nonlinear solving of the structure is enhanced through the calculation mode, and the solving speed of the nonlinear problem in the thermal elastic-plastic constitutive structure is increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and discloses an environment-friendly packaging box rapid forming method and system based on biodegradable materials, and the method comprises the steps that a thermal-structure coupling finite element model is established; based on the thermal-structural coupling model, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and structural design parameters and initial printing path configuration are obtained; training a printing control strategy by utilizing a strategy optimization algorithm; according to the structural design parameters, the printing path configuration and the printing control strategy, a layer-by-layer printing path and a supporting structure configuration scheme matched with the printing object are generated; and the 3D printing process is executed, and closed-loop adjustment is conducted according to the control strategy. According to the method, the thermal-structural coupling finite element model based on the biodegradable material is constructed, and changes of a temperature field, a stress field and a thermal strain field in the printing process are accurately simulated, so that a printing path and supporting structure configuration are optimized, the printing precision is improved, structural instability caused by thermal deformation and interlayer stress is avoided, and the strength and stability of an object are ensured.

The invention discloses a temperature influence compensation method and system in a passive bolt monitoring system, and belongs to the technical field of structural health monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a resonant frequency signal of a passive bolt monitoring sensor and temperature data, collected by a preset distributed temperature sensing network, of a plurality of monitoring points; reconstructing a two-dimensional temperature field cloud picture of the bolt connection area through interpolation calculation; extracting an equivalent comprehensive temperature rise value from the temperature field distribution, and performing preliminary compensation on the resonant frequency signal to generate a preliminary strain value; calculating a virtual thermal strain value generated by temperature influence; and performing decoupling operation on the initial strain value based on the virtual thermal strain value to obtain a compensated real mechanical strain value, and accurately separating the real mechanical strain from the total measurement strain by adopting a method of reconstructing a two-dimensional temperature field of a bolt connection area and calculating a decoupling virtual thermal strain by utilizing a finite element analysis micro-simulation model. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of bolt pre-tightening force monitoring are improved.

The invention discloses a simulation method and system for progressive damage and failure removal of a composite material, and belongs to the field of computer-aided engineering, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, coupling solving: solving a partial differential control equation set describing heat transfer and solid mechanics, and considering a coupling effect caused by thermal strain and the influence of temperature on material attributes, obtaining the temperature field and displacement field distribution of the current time step or iteration step; s2, material state calculation: on the basis of the temperature and the displacement field obtained in the coupling solution step, calculating the material state of an integral point of each unit in the model by using a predefined composite material constitutive model; and S3, unit processing and grid updating: after the material state calculation is completed, executing unit processing and grid updating. According to the invention, the final failure behavior of the structure can be predicted more comprehensively and accurately.

The invention discloses a bridge temperature-induced strain prediction method under the influence of non-constant noise, and the method comprises the steps: building a training set containing main beam temperature and temperature-induced strain according to historical monitoring data, and assuming a test set; under a heterovariance Gaussian process framework, constructing conditional distribution of temperature-induced strain of a main beam of the test set as an undetermined heterovariance Gaussian regression model; a variational Bayesian inference method is adopted to construct a variational free energy boundary based on variational posteriori distribution, and approximation is performed on the variational free energy boundary to obtain an edge variational boundary; assuming that the variational posteriori distribution of the noise logarithmic variance function obeys multivariate normal distribution, simplifying an edge variational boundary into a new edge variational boundary, and solving to obtain a hyper-parameter and a variational parameter; and substituting the obtained result into the to-be-determined heterovariance Gaussian regression model, obtaining new main beam temperature data, and predicting the temperature-induced strain of the main beam in the test set. The bridge temperature-induced strain prediction method under the influence of the non-constant noise is established, the prediction precision can be ensured, and the calculation efficiency can be improved.

A method for predicting a multi-physics field coupling process of natural hydrogen flow-heat transfer-rock thermal strain in underground pores belongs to the field of natural hydrogen resource exploration, and is characterized in that a multi-physics field coupling model for describing natural hydrogen flow-heat transfer-rock thermal strain in formation pores is established based on phase field variables; the method comprises the following steps: establishing a porous medium geometric model according to a rock underground pore structure, performing grid division on the porous medium geometric model to obtain a plurality of grid units for reflecting different spatial distribution positions of natural hydrogen in the rock underground pore structure, and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of the porous medium geometric model; according to the multi-physics field coupling model, solving the space-time evolution characteristics of the hydrogen volume fraction, the water volume fraction, the fluid temperature, the rock skeleton matrix temperature and the rock skeleton matrix thermal strain value of each grid unit of the porous medium geometric model to obtain the distribution in time and space; according to the method, the reservoir forming mechanism and the reservoir forming stability of the natural hydrogen are evaluated more accurately and systematically.

The invention discloses a method for predicting high-temperature and complex stress of a ceramic-based composite material based on strain control damage evolution, and belongs to the technical field of stress prediction of ceramic-based composite materials. The method comprises the following steps: determining material high-temperature performance degradation conditions according to temperature; the total strain (mechanical strain and thermal strain) of the material is calculated, and then based on a three-dimensional failure criterion of strain control, six damage initial criterion equations including stretching and compression in the warp direction, the weft direction and the out-of-plane direction are constructed; establishing an evolution model of damage coefficients by introducing a coupling mechanism of damage factors in different directions; combining a multi-linear constitutive relation of the ceramic matrix composite material to construct a rigidity degradation matrix, and realizing rigidity adjustment of the failure unit; and finally deducing a stress-strain relation equation to complete stress prediction of the material under the conditions of high temperature and complex load. The prediction method provided by the invention can accurately predict the complex stress state of the ceramic matrix composite material under the combined action of the high temperature and the mechanical load.

A gas turbine airfoil (126) includes a trailing edge cooling hole (144) that has an elliptical cross-sectional baseline shape. In addition, the exit passage wall leading to the trailing edge cooling hole (144) has a surface that varies according to an exit passage profile (150). Applying an iterative method of embodiments can produce a final exit passage profile (150) with significantly reduced thermal strain during operation as compared to the prior art, resulting in improved component life.

The invention discloses a mass concrete early-age strain monitoring method in a multi-field coupling state. The method comprises the following steps: S1, assembling a strain gauge; s2, carrying out sensitivity calibration on the assembled strain gauge; s3, before the strain gauge is embedded and installed, temperature rise-drop characteristics of the concrete hydration process are simulated in a standard temperature box, and a temperature sensitivity test of a substrate of the strain gauge is conducted, specifically, the correlativity of thermal strain-temperature in the temperature rise process and the temperature drop process is established; s4, temperature monitoring sensors are installed at the strain gauge installation points at the same time, and therefore the temperature monitoring value of concrete and strain gauge time synchronization is obtained; s5, after the strain gauge is pre-embedded and installed, accessing a data automatic acquisition and remote transmission system to realize key-controlled remote terminal data storage; and S6, constructing a remote data synchronous processing system, and realizing synchronous automatic acquisition and synchronous analysis processing of strain and temperature of each measuring point. According to the invention, the method is suitable for strain in-situ automatic monitoring in the whole maintenance process of the mass concrete structure.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermocycling damage treatment, in particular to a granular rock thermocycling damage prediction method, which comprises the following steps: establishing a particle-based numerical model by using discrete element software; setting initial temperature and confining pressure of the rock sample, and constructing a heating, balancing and cooling experiment process; setting different preset temperature values and temperature rising and cooling step lengths; elastic modulus damage and crack number development are obtained; thermal damage is calculated through elastic modulus damage and crack number development, the relation between rock volume thermal strain and rock heating-cooling damage under different confining pressures is obtained, and a damage prediction model of rocks under different confining pressures under the cold and heat cycle condition is constructed. Aiming at the rock damage problem caused by rock heating expansion and cooling shrinkage, the thermal damage and volume thermal strain model considering heating and cooling is constructed, and the universality of the model is high.

The invention discloses a contour and filling direction adaptive path planning and SLM support-free forming method, which has the following beneficial effects that a low-angle overhanging region is separated based on a region division algorithm, a scanning vector is controlled by a contour on the basis of contour features of complex structure features and an overhanging direction recognition algorithm, and the accuracy of the contour and filling direction adaptive path planning and SLM support-free forming method is improved. The expansion direction of the lower surface area is a filling direction, and adaptively generating a scanning path and the filling direction; different from a conventional path filling strategy, the method can meet the complex structure characteristics of a curved surface, a round hole, rotation, a special-shaped runner, a curved surface and the like, and the scanning line vector and the filling direction of a lower surface area adapt to the structure contour characteristics, so that the influence of the placing position and the scraper direction on the forming thermal strain accumulation and the lower surface forming quality is reduced; according to the method, the high-quality and stable forming requirements of the low-angle feature of 30 degrees or below of existing mainstream metal materials can be met, and the data processing time cost, the powder material consumption and the post-processing time in the whole forming process are effectively reduced.

The present application belongs to the technical field of thermal load deformation and force load deformation measurement, and relates to a thermal and force deformation field decoupling method and system based on two-dimensional visual measurement. According to the temperature field at discrete temperatures, the thermal deformation field at discrete temperatures and the corresponding temperature, and by using a binary function model, the influence coefficient of fitting temperature on thermal strain is obtained, the jumps between discrete data are eliminated, and the continuity and prediction ability of thermal strain are improved. According to the influence coefficient of fitting temperature on thermal strain and the binary function model, a fitted binary function model is obtained, which is more in line with the actual material properties. According to the temperature field under the thermal and force coupling condition, the deformation field under the thermal and force coupling condition and the fitted binary function model, an equivalent thermal deformation field is obtained, the thermal and force coupling deformation is decoupled, the dynamic correlation of thermal strain and deformation field is realized, and the decoupling precision is improved.

The application provides a design method of a blended wing body mould based on a temperature field and a curing field, and comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a 3D model of the blended wing body mould; S2, obtaining a convection heat transfer coefficient and establishing a temperature field; S3, curing a composite material structure model and establishing a curing field; S4, conducting heat conduction calculation and analysis; S5, conducting heat distribution compensation design; S6, conducting thermal strain compensation design, and confirming a final design scheme. The application effectively combines fluid simulation, a temperature field, a curing field and stress and strain simulation, makes up for the singleness of traditional methods in certain type analysis, considers the influence of actual factors to the maximum extent, proposes heat distribution compensation and thermal strain compensation according to simulation results, forms a complete design method of the blended wing body mould, improves design precision, reduces the dependence and blindness of traditional design which relies on experience design, and reduces test and production trial and error costs.

The present application belongs to the technical field of heating pipeline, and particularly relates to a prefabricated thermal insulation socket and spigot corrugated reinforced steel cylinder concrete composite pipe and a design method thereof. In view of the technical problems of strong destructive effect of high internal and external pressure, prominent thermal strain damage under large temperature difference working condition, and serious corrosion in high temperature and high humidity environment, the present application proposes a prefabricated thermal insulation socket and spigot corrugated reinforced steel cylinder concrete composite pipe with a structure from outside to inside in turn as a protective layer, a thermal insulation layer, a steel cylinder and an inner lining layer, a socket and spigot structure at a pipe end connection, and double rubber ring sealing for the socket and spigot. The design method of the composite pipe comprises respectively designing the thickness of the steel cylinder, the socket and spigot structure with a stop bolt and a strain compensation groove, the inner lining layer of the composite pipe, and the protective layer and the thermal insulation layer of the composite pipe. Through the present application, the structural design of large-diameter heating pipeline is realized, the problems of high internal and external pressure, large temperature difference thermal strain and high temperature and high humidity corrosion of the heating pipeline are solved, the performance of the heating pipeline for conveying hot water is ensured, the cost is reduced, and the safety is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of earth science and engineering geology, and particularly relates to a rock rough interface friction slip test device and test method.According to the rock rough interface friction slip test device and test method, multiple first test pieces are attached to the outer side wall of a test piece, multi-point detection can be conducted on the strain force of the test piece, and the defects of a traditional single or low-density sensing layout are overcome; and the completeness and accuracy of experimental data are improved. The upper shell and the lower shell apply confining pressure to the test piece, and the first force application part and the second force application part are matched to apply normal force and shear force, so that a three-dimensional stress field can be effectively simulated; the temperature changing mechanisms in the upper shell and the lower shell, the second test piece and the third test piece are used for detecting dynamic distribution and micro-fracture evolution of sliding friction heat generation, so that coupling monitoring of multiple physical fields such as sound, heat and strain is realized, and a multi-factor interlaced friction instability process under a real geological condition is effectively simulated; and powerful support is provided for deep exploration of geological disasters and engineering activity mechanisms.

The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas geothermal exploitation, and discloses a method for identifying wellbore micro leakage by using distributed temperature gradient sensing data, which comprises the following steps: S1: optical fiber laying; laying optical fiber sensors along the outer wall of the casing outside the tubing in the whole length of the wellbore; S2: data acquisition; S3: data processing; extracting low-frequency thermal strain data from DAS, processing temperature gradient by LF-DAS data, and processing temperature gradient by absolute temperature data of DTS data to obtain distributed temperature gradient data; and performing visual processing on the DTGS data to generate a heat map of temperature distribution and strain change; S4: leakage identification; performing threshold judgment on DTGS and DTS, establishing a leakage identification model, and combining multi-dimensional signal features to predict the state and development trend of leakage; and performing early identification and early warning of micro leakage. The present application uses DTGS data to identify wellbore micro leakage, and significantly improves the detection accuracy of temperature gradient change and the identification ability of low flow rate, small flow wellbore micro leakage.

The invention discloses a working method and system of a projection camera integrated with a temperature control function, and relates to the field of cameras. The method comprises the following steps: synchronously acquiring an infrared thermal field, dark current of an image sensor and a duty state of a micro-mirror array, and calculating a multi-source thermal disturbance characteristic value through an entropy algorithm and photo-thermal phase difference analysis; driving a thermal diffusion diagram neural network by the characteristic values, inverting a thermal strain field, and projecting the thermal strain field to a Zernike basis function space to generate a thermally induced aberration risk index and a thermodynamic diagram; calculating an active temperature control intervention level and a strategy parameter through an adaptive threshold value and fuzzy reasoning based on the risk index and the convection intensity estimation value; constructing a multi-objective non-convex optimization problem according to the intervention level, and solving to obtain a collaborative scheduling weight and an optimization instruction; and extracting the maximum Lyapunov index and generating a thermal stability look-ahead confidence coefficient with the risk index to predict future thermal evolution and perform adaptive regulation and control. According to the invention, the imaging precision of the projection camera under thermal disturbance is improved through multi-level cooperative temperature control.

The invention discloses a microwave wireless temperature sensor based on an electromagnetic metamaterial. According to the sensor, the 8 * 8 unit metamaterial array is constructed, so that efficient wireless collection and capture of space electromagnetic signals are realized; by constructing a metamaterial array cascaded microwave power synthesis feed network, power synthesis and cascade transmission of microwave wireless collection and capture signals are realized; based on the equivalent impedance response of microwave near-field resonance, a feed network output end cascade microwave complementary interdigital resonator is constructed, and metamaterial array microwave wireless signal collection and capture characteristic regulation and control based on the resonance response of the microwave complementary interdigital resonator are realized. Based on the idea that temperature information response and temperature information generation are isolated from each other, a temperature sensing probe of a metal sensing piece, a high-temperature-resistant ceramic shell and a metal hot branch knot is constructed, and temperature regulation and control of resonance characteristics of a microwave complementary interdigital resonator based on thermal strain response are achieved. Finally, the wireless sensing of the temperature information is realized by reading the echo characteristic information of the electromagnetic metamaterial array in real time.

The invention discloses a galvanized steel pipe surface defect detection method and system based on image data, and relates to the technical field of image data processing. A galvanized steel pipe surface defect detection system based on image data comprises an image acquisition and processing module, a thermal strain field construction module, a geometric distortion correction module and a defect detection and evaluation module. According to the method, the thermal expansion and cold contraction galvanized steel pipe in the conventional visible light image is corrected through the infrared thermal imaging image and the material thermal expansion law, a quantitative relation model between the temperature change and the physical deformation of the galvanized steel pipe can be accurately established, and shape distortion or size change caused by uneven temperature is accurately corrected; therefore, the galvanized steel pipe surface features close to the real state are restored, the accuracy of defect detection is improved, misjudgment or missing detection caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction is effectively avoided, the reliability of the detection result is ensured, and the defect detection effect of the galvanized steel pipe surface defect detection method and system is improved.

The invention discloses a CFRP thermal coupling cutting modeling method based on a microcosmic failure theory. Comprising the following steps: establishing a carbon fiber three-dimensional geometric model, a matrix three-dimensional geometric model and a cutter three-dimensional geometric model, and performing grid division and assembly to obtain a CFRP three-dimensional grid model; the method comprises the following steps: setting a multi-phase three-dimensional damage constitutive relation of a fiber phase, a matrix phase and an interface phase, setting a heat conduction equation, an initial environment temperature and a heat insulation boundary condition, inputting a heat source equation comprising main shear surface deformation heat, cutter-chip interface friction heat and cutter-workpiece interface friction heat, inputting a thermal strain equation, and finally, calculating a thermal deformation coefficient according to preset parameters and a preset time step length. And performing thermal-mechanical coupling analysis on the cutting process of the to-be-cut structure to obtain a simulation result. According to the method, the microcosmic failure theory is applied to a material constitutive model, an exponential type reduction mode better conforming to carbon fiber rigidity degradation is used, and the fibers are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the internal structure and the damage evolution process of the CFRP are reflected more truly.

This invention discloses a simulation method for the sintering process of all-ceramic micro-encapsulated dispersed fuel, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing all-ceramic micro-encapsulated dispersed fuel pellets, measuring the density of the fuel pellets, and determining the microstructure and grain size of the fuel pellets; S2, obtaining the density distribution of the green body after initial pressing before sintering based on the powder plastic yield criterion model, and calculating the plastic strain rate; S3, establishing a thermoviscoelastic constitutive phenomenological model describing the sintering process of all-ceramic micro-encapsulated dispersed fuel based on elastic strain rate, plastic strain rate, thermal strain rate, and sintering strain rate; S4, establishing a finite element model; S5, substituting the thermoviscoelastic constitutive phenomenological model constructed in step S3 into the finite element model to predict density and stress field. This invention not only simulates the microstructure and stress changes during hot pressing sintering, but also fully considers all factors affecting strain, providing simulation accuracy.

This invention discloses a method for controlling welding hot cracks with bilateral symmetrical thermal strain assistance. The method includes preparation before welding and welding. In the welding step, the temperature generated by the two induction coils is stabilized at 302±5℃ before welding begins. During welding, the welding heat source and the two induction coils move synchronously and uniformly from back to front, so that the thermal strain generated by the two induction coils continuously heats the workpieces to be welded on both sides of the weld within the brittle temperature range behind the molten pool until welding is completed. In this way, the thermal strain generated by the two induction coils continuously heats the corresponding workpieces to be welded on both sides of the weld within the brittle temperature range behind the molten pool. The thermal expansion of the workpieces generates a transverse compressive strain pointing towards the weld center in the weld metal within the brittle temperature range (BTR zone) behind the molten pool, thus counteracting the crack-inducing tensile strain generated in the brittle temperature range during welding, thereby effectively controlling the generation of hot cracks.

To provide a resin outer panel member capable of preventing the occurrence of a poor appearance caused by thermal strain irrespective of its shape or a fixing form with an inner panel member.SOLUTION: A resin outer panel member 10 constituting an appearance of a vehicle with an inner panel member comprises: a regulation region 13 regulated in elongation in a direction along a surface in a state where a part of a peripheral edge is fixed to the peripheral edge of the inner panel member; and a folding part 16 provided at a position sandwiching a part 14 of the peripheral edge of the regulation region 13 fixed to the inner panel member and the center 13a of the regulation region 13 and formed into a shape folded toward the center 13a of the regulation region 13. A protrusion 17 extending in the width direction of the folding part 16 is provided between the part 14 fixed to the inner panel member and the folding part 16 on the non-design surface 13b side of the regulation region 13.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The application discloses a ceramic matrix composite material vibration simulation method considering heat and damage comprehensively, uses a finite element analysis method to perform dynamic analysis on CMC material, considers damage based on a woven ceramic matrix composite material arbitrary loading and unloading constitutive model, discretizes a temperature field and solves each node temperature by using an interpolation method to obtain each point thermal strain, solves a dynamic equation by using a central difference method in a time domain, can calculate the response of CMC material at each moment under different excitation frequencies, and obtains an amplitude-frequency curve, so that accurate and efficient simulation measurement of CMC high-temperature nonlinear dynamic response is realized.

Provided is a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet having both low iron loss and low magnetostriction. The grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet has a heat-strained region extending in a direction transverse to a rolling direction, and has closed magnetic domains in the heat-strained region. The heat-strained region has maximum points of tensile strain on both sides of the closed magnetic domains in the rolling direction. In a strain distribution in the rolling direction of the heat-strained region, the strain on both sides of the closed magnetic domains is a tensile strain greater than the strain at the center between the maximum points.

The present invention discloses a method for monitoring the early-stage strain of large-volume concrete under a multi-field coupling state, comprising: S1, assembling a strain gauge; S2, calibrating the sensitivity of the assembled strain gauge; S3, conducting a temperature sensitivity test on the base of the strain gauge in a standard temperature chamber to simulate the temperature rise and fall characteristics of the concrete hydration process before the strain gauge is embedded and installed, specifically establishing a correlation between the thermal strain and temperature during the temperature rise and temperature drop process; S4, simultaneously installing a temperature monitoring sensor at the strain gauge installation point to obtain a temperature monitoring value synchronized with the concrete and the strain gauge; S5, after the strain gauge is embedded and installed, connecting to an automatic data acquisition and remote transmission system to realize key-controlled remote terminal data storage; S6, constructing a remote data synchronization processing system to realize automatic and synchronous acquisition, analysis and processing of strain and temperature at each measuring point. According to the present invention, the method is suitable for in-situ automatic monitoring of strain during the entire maintenance process of large-volume concrete structures.

The invention discloses a welding deformation simulation method based on thermal strain cycle compensation, belongs to the technical field of welding stress deformation simulation, and solves the problem of precision and efficiency imbalance of an existing welding numerical simulation method in engineering application. And S2, based on a thermal strain cycle algorithm introducing thermal strain compensation, compensating plastic deformation of a near weld zone material in a transient moving heat source temperature rise stage, and completing welding deformation simulation of the heat source. According to the method, thermal strain compensation is introduced to compensate the structural rigidity difference of the material, the welding deformation obtained through simulation can equivalently obtain the calculation precision of the moving heat source, and experimental verification shows that under the same temperature thermal cycle condition and boundary condition, the thermal strain compensation is applied, and the calculation precision of the moving heat source is improved. And the calculation error of welding stress and deformation of welding bead overall heating and moving heat source step-by-step filling heating is smaller than 10%. And the calculation period is obviously prolonged.

This technology suppresses the generation of thermal strain during crystal growth, enabling the realization of high-quality SiC single crystals with a low crystal defect density. [Solution] A SiC single crystal substrate is used, comprising a first main surface and a second main surface located opposite the first main surface, wherein the first main surface is a surface inclined with an off-angle of 0° to 8° with respect to the {0001} plane. Here, incident light having two mutually orthogonal polarization components and a wavelength of 520 nm is incident on the first main surface, and the phase difference between the first emitted light and the second emitted light emitted from the second main surface is measured. In the distribution of phase differences obtained, the average value of the phase difference is 10 nm or less, and the maximum value of the phase difference is 70 nm or less.