The invention belongs to the field of aero-engine fuel oil systems, and relates to a piston device with a speed response mechanism. The piston device comprises a shell and a piston mounted in the shell, the shell is provided with a work oil path inlet and a work oil path outlet, the piston is provided with an annular work oil path channel, the piston comprises a piston head and a flow adjusting type piston base fixedly connected with the piston head, an adjusting oil path inlet and an adjusting oil path outlet are formed in the shell, the adjusting oil path inlet communicates with the adjusting oil path outlet through the flow adjusting type piston base, when the adjusting oil path outlet is closed, the piston head can move in the shell in the axial direction of the shell, the work oil path inlet communicates with the work oil path outlet through an annular work oil path channel, when the adjusting oil path outlet is opened, the piston head moves in the shell in the axial direction ofthe shell, and the work oil path inlet and the work oil path outlet are disconnected. The oil supply rate of a product during the ignition period can be ensured, and after ignition, normal work is achieved.