The present invention belongs to the technical field of medicines and particularly relates to an anticancer pharmaceutical composition. The anticancer pharmaceutical composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of fermented grains, 50-300 parts of fermented vinegar, 5-30 parts of vinegar paste and 49-121 parts of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The fermented grains, fermented vinegar and vinegar paste contain polypeptides, flavone and other active substances that have an inhibitory treatment effect on tumors, also contain lactococcus, enterococcus,xanthomonas, gluconacetobacter, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, aspergillus, mucor, alternaria and other microorganisms, and can ferment and process the traditional Chinese medicinal materials to produce microbial metabolic active substances and enhance medicinal properties. The provided anticancer pharmaceutical composition can reach tumor lesions and directly act on cancerous tissues, changes growth microenvironment of the tumor lesions, regulates tumor immune metabolism and inhibits tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, thereby effectively inhibiting cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis of cancer cells.