The invention discloses a sensor sensitivity improving method and system based on nonlinear domain modal coupling, and the method employs the coupling characteristic between at least two vibration modes in a resonator, employs a first mode in the two modes as a frequency output mode, and employs a second mode as a cavity mode to sense an external variable to be measured. In order to excite a coupling characteristic between the first mode and the second mode, the method entails the application of at least one pump. Meanwhile, in order to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, according to the method, the vibration state of the first mode needs to be excited to a nonlinear vibration area, the high-branch frequency of the second mode serves as final output, phase closed-loop control can be conducted on the first mode through a phase-locked loop, and rapid collection and measurement of the frequency are achieved. The invention is applied to a frequency output type sensor, can improve the sensitivity of the frequency output type sensor, does not need to introduce other auxiliary devices, and has the advantages of easy operation, convenient integration, stability, reliability, wide application range and the like.