The invention discloses a geothermal exploitation test method under a simulated complex load condition. According to the method, the multi-field coupling test data of a seepage field, a temperature field, a stress field, a strain field and the like of the caved broken rock mass under the complex disturbance conditions, such as a static load, an impact load, a long-time stable load, a periodic pulse, a vibration load, an actually measured disturbance load and the like can be accurately obtained, the complete rock body lithology of different rock samples, the rock-rock and water-rock heat exchange rules, fractured rock mass seepage field distribution rules and fractured rock mass internal stress field evolution rules of the complete rock mass heat source temperature, the fractured rock masslithology, the particle size, the gradation, the combined distribution forms and the like on the conditions, such as different applied loads, disturbance conditions, seepage fluid initial temperature,seepage fluid initial pressure, etc., and the multi-field coupling effect mechanism of the stress field, the strain field, the seepage, the temperature field and the like can be researched conveniently, and the more accurate test data is provided for the research of a deep geothermal exploitation technology under a complex load condition.