The invention relates to a detection device and a detection method for the wear performance of a honeycomb ceramic-metal composite material, belonging to the field of metal matrix composite materials. The invention includes workbench, motor support, adjustable speed motor, conveyor belt, rotating main shaft, rotating shaft support, weight platform, swivel ring, sample rotating shaft, wear rail, retaining ring, abrasive screen, collecting plate, fixture, abrasive material Funnel, abrasive recovery cylinder, tough metal column, wear-resistant complex area, sample clamping step, feeding slope, electronic output device of hardness tester, electronic output device of quantitative metallographic microscope, electronic output device of precision balance, computer. The invention enables a plurality of wear samples to be tested under the same wear environment conditions under different loads; filters the superfine abrasives to keep the abrasives in a reasonable range, which will help the accuracy of the detection results; and reliably reflects the honeycomb ceramic-metal The unique wear resistance advantages of its structure during the wear process of composite materials.