The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous nano alpha-Fe2O3/Ag negative electrode material in the technical field of preparation of lithium batteries, raw materials comprise ferric salt, a surfactant, acetate, a solvent, a pore-forming agent and silver nitrate, firstly, the ferric salt, the surfactant, the acetate, the solvent and the pore-forming agent are mixed through a hydrothermal method to prepare porous nano alpha-Fe2O3; and depositing Ag nano particles formed by silver nitrate in pore channels of alpha-Fe2O3 through a hydrothermal method to obtain the porous nano alpha-Fe2O3/Ag negative electrode material. Compared with the prior art, the preparation time is greatly saved, the nano-porous morphology can be obtained through the method, acetate can adjust the size of iron oxide particles and reduce the size of iron oxide, holes are formed in the roasting process after the pore forming agent is added, Ag nano-particles can be deposited into pore channels of iron oxide, the conductivity of the material is higher, and the material is more suitable for large-scale production. And the electrical performance of the lithium battery is further enhanced.