The embodiment of the invention provides a moving target detection method, detection device, and a mobile detection system, so that a problem that target echo signals that are detected by the existing mobile detection system during moving target detection include echo signals of fixed targets and thus lots of false alarm targets are generated in the prior art is solved. The method comprises: while a mobile carrier moves, attitude measurement of auxiliary equipment as well as moving speed compensation information obtained and transmitted by a navigation system is received; on the basis of the moving speed compensation information, a corresponding Doppler frequency deviation value of movement, relative to a target, of the mobile carrier is obtained; and according to the Doppler frequency deviation value of movement, relative to the target, of the mobile carrier, a detected target echo signal is compensated, an echo signal of a fixed target in the target echo signal is suppressed, and a Doppler frequency deviation value of the moving target is obtained, thereby obtaining accurate moving target detection distance information and radial speed information.