The invention provides a reconstruction method for upgrading and capacity expansion of a sewage treatment system. The method is based on a sewage treatment plant original process of: water inflow, coarse grid, fine grid, grit basin, membrane grid, biological tank, sedimentation tank, disinfection tank and water outflow, performs reconstruction on a structure of the original process, transforms the structure of the biological tank, and reforms the sedimentation tank into a membrane tank, enables reasonable structure layout, improves the sewage treatment scale from the original 10 thousand tons/day to 20 thousand tons/day, at the same time improves the outflow water quality from the grade II standard of original "municipal sewage treatment plant pollution discharge standards" to IV standard of surface water (except TN), and simultaneously in the reconstruction process, the method ensures normal operation of the overall sewage treatment plant, and avoids loss brought about in the reconstruction period.