An efficient turn-back type SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) desulfurization tower device belongs to the technical field of flue gas desulfurization and purification. The device comprises an inlet compensator, an inlet flue, a first ascending bin ash bucket, a spraying hole, a first ascending bin, a flow guide plate, a communication opening, a flow guide plate, a descending bin, a descending bin ash bucket, a communication opening, a flow guide plate, a second ascending bin, a second ascending bin ash bucket, a flow guide plate, an outlet compensator, an ash discharging valve, a level gage, a vibrator, an access hole, a first partition plate and a second partition plate. The device has the advantage that the problems of short contact time of flue gas and a desulfurizing agent, low desulfurization efficiency, poor matching effect with a dust removal system and the like in a sodium-based dry desulfurization system are solved.