The invention provides a monitoring system for unmanned-aerial-vehicle body damage. The system includes an unmanned-aerial-vehicle body, a BOTDA system and a ground control station, the BOTDA system is loaded on the unmanned-aerial-vehicle body, and real-time communication between the BOTDA system and the ground control station is achieved through a communication system; the BOTDA system includesan optical part, a software part and a hardware part, and the optical part includes a tunable laser, an electro-optic controller, a polarization controller, an optical attenuator, an optical isolatorand a photoelectric detector; the software part includes a tunable laser drive circuit, an electro-optic modulator drive circuit, a polarization controller drive circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a data acquisition circuit and a microwave frequency detection circuit. The provided monitoring system for unmanned-aerial-vehicle body damage has the advantages that a fiber bragg grating sensor has light weight, small size, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-electromagnetic interference, good reliability, high measurement accuracy, many measurement points and a large measurement range, and the measurement result can be sent back to a ground control center in real time through a wireless communication module.