The invention relates to an optical fiber beam combining and splitting device, and belongs to the technical field of lasers, the optical fiber beam combining and splitting device adopts a type structure, and the application effect of the optical fiber beam combining and splitting device is that lasers in root input optical fibers are combined and then distributed into root output optical fibers, which is equivalent to the use of an individual type structure optical fiber beam combiner, wherein MxP1=P is the number of the input optical fibers and M>=2 is the number of the output optical fibers. The optical structure is an integrated structure, the characteristic that the outer ring can accommodate more optical fibers than the inner ring on the cross section of the optical fiber bundle formed by the root input optical fibers is fully utilized, and the equivalent tapering ratio of the optical fibers is reduced compared with that of a structural optical fiber beam combiner. According to the invention, the number of optical devices in the laser can be reduced, layout, wiring and integration of the laser are simplified, miniaturization and light weight of the laser are facilitated, and by adopting the type structure, the tapering ratio of the optical fiber can be reduced, the synthesis efficiency can be effectively improved, the thermal load can be reduced, and the temperature rise rate can be inhibited.