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The present application belongs to the technical field of grinding processing, and discloses a control method of a point cloud polishing remote control system based on a sliding mode and adaptive control. The control method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a dynamic equation of the remote control system to obtain control equations of a master robot and a slave robot; S2, performing point cloud scanning on a weld to be polished to obtain corresponding point cloud data, calculating the depth gradient, dexterity and stiffness of each point in the point cloud data, setting a starting point and an ending point of polishing, and planning an optimal polishing path; and S3, inputting the control equations obtained in step S1 and the optimal polishing path obtained in step S2 into a controller to control the slave robot to polish. Through the present application, the accuracy of the control algorithm and the optimization of the point cloud path search are combined, and the efficiency of remote operation control under polishing conditions is improved.