The invention relates to the technical field of dust removers, particularly to a dust remover for lithium battery pole pieces. The dust remover comprises a material guide device, a motor conveying transmission device, brush assemblies, a conveyer belt and a rack, wherein the brush assemblies comprise a front brush assembly, a left brush assembly, a right brush assembly and a back brush assembly. When lithium battery pole pieces continuously slide from the material guide device to the conveyer belt, the conveyer belt conveys the lithium battery pole pieces continuously and circularly, during conveying, the front brush assembly removes dust at front ends of the lithium battery pole pieces, the left and right brush assemblies remove dust at two edges of the lithium battery pole pieces, the back assembly removes dust at tail ends of the lithium battery pole pieces, and then the lithium battery pole pieces fall off from the tail end of the rack smoothly to finish the dust removing process. The whole dust removing process is high in dust removing speed, high in efficiency and even, and burrs and dust can be well removed. Besides, the invention further discloses a dust removing process for lithium battery pole pieces.