137 results about "Biodegradable composites" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer material preparation, and discloses a bamboo fiber graft modified full-biodegradable composite membrane material preparation process which comprises the following steps: firstly, performing hot mixing and cooling on dried bamboo fiber powder, anhydrous citric acid, choline chloride, activated zinc oxide and pentaerythritol to prepare a bamboo fiber modified premix; then mixing the biodegradable polyester resin with the premix; adding the mixture into an extruder, injecting epoxidized soybean oil into a barrel through a liquid metering device, and performing melt extrusion granulation under a vacuum exhaust condition; and finally carrying out blow molding to form the film. Through in-situ reaction extrusion of multi-component synergism, surface grafting of bamboo fibers, chain extension of a polyester matrix and interface chemical bonding of the bamboo fibers and the polyester matrix are achieved, interface compatibility is effectively improved, degradation of the material in the processing process is inhibited, and the mechanical property and thermal stability of the composite film material are remarkably improved; the process is efficient and environment-friendly, and the cost is controllable.

The invention relates to a biodegradable composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of compositions of high-molecular compounds. The biodegradable composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 46 to 87 parts of PBAT resin, 2 to 10 parts of PLA resin, 10 to 40 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 to 2 parts of a slipping aid and 0.5 to 2 parts of an edge sealing aid, the molar content of D-lactic acid in the PLA resin is greater than or equal to 2%; the particle size D50 of the calcium carbonate is less than 1.8 microns; the edge sealing auxiliary agent is an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer, an ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. And at least one of epoxy resin. The biodegradable composite material has excellent long-acting edge sealing performance.

The invention relates to the field of biodegradation, and discloses a full-biodegradable composite film as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The composite film comprises a barrier layer, a protective layer and a bonding layer, the protective layer is arranged on the surface layer of the composite film, and the barrier layer and the protective layer are bonded through the bonding layer; matrix resin B of the bonding layer is selected from degradable resin grafted polar monomers and / or degradable resin grafted monomers containing groups capable of reacting with hydroxyl; the matrix resin C of the barrier layer at least contains polyglycolic acid with multimodal molecular weight distribution. The composite film provided by the invention has excellent barrier property and biodegradability, and also has good interlayer peel strength and heat sealing strength.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biodegradable materials, and relates to a PBAT / bamboo powder biodegradable composite master batch and a preparation method thereof, and a composite film, the composite master batch comprises the following raw materials by mass: 100 parts of PBAT, 10-30 parts of modified bamboo powder, 5-10 parts of a compatibilization grafting agent, 0.5-1 part of a retardant, 20-30 parts of a blocking agent, and 0.2-0.4 part of a chain extender; the modified bamboo powder is obtained by impregnating bamboo powder with inorganic alkali liquor and modifying with an acyl halide reagent; the compatibilization grafting agent is obtained by grafting and modifying PBAT (poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) through ultraviolet light of a grafting agent, and the grafting agent is compounded by carboxyl-containing acrylate and unsaturated fatty acid glycidyl ester according to the mass ratio of 1: (1-2). According to the invention, the bamboo powder is modified and a novel compatibilization grafting agent is introduced, so that the hydrophobicity, dispersity and compatibility with PBAT of the bamboo powder are improved, and the prepared composite film has good appearance, high water and oxygen barrier property and better mechanical properties.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic expanded vermiculite / full-biodegradable composite material, and belongs to the field of environment-friendly biodegradable materials. The composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of organic expanded vermiculite, 5-60 parts of polylactic acid, a degradable toughening agent and an auxiliary agent, and the vermiculite raw material in the organic expanded vermiculite is soaked in maleic anhydride or a silane coupling agent and is subjected to microwave expansion treatment. Compared with the prior art, degradation residues of the prepared composite material are mainly expanded vermiculite powder, and the composite material is environmentally friendly and free of pollution, has the effect of improving soil and can be applied to the fields of disposable knives, forks, spoons, straws, film bags and the like through formula adjustment of polylactic acid and the full-biodegradable flexibilizer.

A coextruded multi-layer biodegradable composite film was primed either in-line or off-line to form moisture-resistant anchoring structure for EVOH / PHOH barrier coating using primer coating including waterborne polyethyleneimine dispersions and waterborne polyester dispersions. The primed bioplastic composite film was then coated with EVOH / PVOH solution barrier coating. The coated composite film was then metallized through a process of vapor deposition of Aluminum metal in a metallizer chamber. The metallized films made with a process of off-line priming have O2TR in the range of 1.9 to 4.5 cc / m2 / day, and MVTR in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 g / m2 / day; The metallized films made with a process of in-line priming have O2TR in the range of 0.63 to 1.04 cc / m2 / day, and MVTR in the range of 0.027 to 0.075 g / m2 / day.

The invention discloses a biodegradable composite material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60 to 78 percent of polylactic acid, 20 to 30 percent of flexibilizer, 1 to 10 percent of transparent inorganic matter and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cellulose. According to the invention, the block polyether amide resin is adopted as the flexibilizer and acts together with the PLA resin, and then the inorganic substance zinc sulfide with high transparency is added, so that the obtained composite material has good tensile toughness and excellent heat resistance. Meanwhile, the transparency and the puncture resistance of the biodegradable composite material film are improved, and the tensile toughness and the heat resistance are obviously improved. While being degradable, the adhesive force is good, the pattern integrity is high, the slitting performance is good, and the holographic hot stamping performance of the alumite film is not affected.

The invention discloses an environmental response type degradable bionic composite membrane and a preparation method thereof, the composite membrane is formed by alternately stacking hydrophobic layers and hydrophilic layers, the hydrophobic layers are PHA / PBS (3: 1-5: 1) blends and added with 2-8 wt% of oleic acid grafted nano-hydroxyapatite, and the hydrophilic layers are modified starch / PVA composite materials with the crosslinking degree of 15-35% and contain 0.5-3 wt% of thermo-sensitive PNIPAM-b-PAA. Mechanical interlocking is realized between layers through a lotus leaf-like micro-nano mastoid structure (the height is 1-5 microns, and the density is 106-107 / cm < 2 >) treated by plasma; micro gravure coating, electrostatic spraying and blade coating processes are adopted for preparation, and the controllable degradation period of 30-180 days can be achieved by regulating and controlling the layer thickness ratio (1: 2-3: 1); the degradation rate of the material in the pH range of 5.5-8.5 is positively correlated with the pH value (R2 is greater than 0.95), the degradation rate is increased by 8-12% when the temperature is increased by 1 DEG C, the degradation rate is greater than 90% in 20-50 days under the composting condition, the degradation product is ecologically safe (LC50 is greater than 1000mg / kg), and the material is suitable for intelligent agricultural mulching films and environment-friendly packaging.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a PLA / PPC biodegradable composite material by reactive compatibilization, and belongs to a biodegradable material preparation method, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out maleic anhydride end-capping modification on PPC; (PLA, modified PPC and an additive are subjected to melt blending. A test proves that the interface compatibility is obviously improved; in the aspect of mechanical properties, the elongation at break reaches 252.8% (improved by 7.0 times compared with that of a non-compatibilization system), the notch impact strength reaches 6.32 kJ / m < 2 > (improved by 2.0 times), and meanwhile, the tensile strength is kept at 54.8 MPa or above. In addition, the light transmittance of the material is improved to 93.0%, the water contact angle reaches 85.71 degrees, meanwhile, the thermal stability is synchronously improved, T95% is greatly improved to 339.62 DEG C from 319.27 DEG C, and the amplification reaches 20.35 DEG C. The high-performance full-biodegradable material has wide application prospects in the fields of packaging films, environment-friendly agricultural films and the like, and a solution is provided for industrial application of green materials.

The invention belongs to the field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof. The technical problem that an existing biodegradable material product is poor in aging resistance and barrier property is solved. Aromatic-aliphatic copolyester with a side chain is used as a base material, and an esterification-polycondensation process is performed to prepare the polyester. The composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of a copolyester material, 10-30 parts of other blended resin, 20-40 parts of an inorganic filler, 0.5-2 parts of a lubricant and 0.01-2 parts of an epoxy chain extender. The epoxy chain extender is an epoxy chain extender with bio-based aconitic acid as a framework, and the mechanical property and the anti-aging property of the degradable composite material are comprehensively improved based on coordination and cooperation of the base material, the epoxy chain extender and other raw materials. The composite material is expected to be applied to the fields of biodegradable shopping bags, agricultural plastic mulching films, foaming materials and the like.

Described herein is a method of preparation of biodegradable composite material such as bio- composite leather from fungal fibres, preferably, mushroom fibres According to the invention, bio-composite leather is prepared by blending of fungal fibres, preferably, mushroom fibres extracted from mushroom fruiting bodies and a biodegradable polymer. The present invention also relates to the biodegradable composite material produced from fungal fibres preferably mushroom fibres or mushroom fruiting body fibres.

The invention discloses a high-heat-resistance PLA / PBS biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of degradable materials. The composite material is composed of a base material and a waterproof layer on the surface of the base material. Wherein the waterproof layer is prepared by vapor deposition of a waterproof composition on the surface of the base material; the base material is formed by injection molding of composite master batches; the composite master batch is prepared from PLA, PBS, modified hybrid fibers, an antibacterial agent, calcium stearate, an antioxidant 1010, a chain extender, epoxidized soybean oil, a flexible modifier and an anti-hydrolysis agent UN-150. By introducing the modified hybrid fiber, the antibacterial agent, the flexible modifier and other components, the mechanical property, the thermal stability, the water resistance, the antibacterial property and the degradability of the composite material are effectively improved; due to the introduction of the waterproof composition prepared from components such as ethyl acetate and heptadecafluorodecyl triethoxy silane, the waterproofness is further improved. Therefore, the method has a wide application prospect.

The application belongs to the technical field of biodegradable materials, and particularly relates to a biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof. The biodegradable composite material comprises, by mass fraction, 50-60 parts of PHBH, 30-40 parts of PBAT, 10-20 parts of PLA and 1-4 parts of a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer is a PLA-g-MAH graft copolymer or an epoxy chain extender REC. The total amount of the PHBH, the PBAT and the PLA is 100 parts. The PHBH, the PBAT and the PLA are used as main raw materials of the biodegradable composite material, and the three are blended and modified to improve the respective performances. By adding the compatibilizer in the raw materials, the mechanical properties of the prepared composite material are significantly improved, and the composite material has good biodegradability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biodegradable composite materials, and discloses a preparation method and application of a PVA-PLA (Polyvinyl Acetate-Poly Lactic Acid) multi-layer high-barrier film based on metal-phenolic network enhancement. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) composite solution containing lignin and a polyphenol compound, and carrying out film casting to obtain a base layer film; then preparing a PLA coating solution containing Femetal ions; and finally, immersing the base layer film into the PLA coating liquid, and constructing a multi-layer structure through solvent volatilization. The core of the invention is that a polyphenol compound in the base layer and Fe in the PLA layer are utilized to form a metal-phenolic aldehyde network coordination bond at an interface, and the metal-phenolic aldehyde network coordination bond is used as a molecular bridge, so that the interface bonding force between PVA and PLA is greatly enhanced, and the problem of interface layering caused by polarity difference between PVA and PLA is effectively solved. Meanwhile, due to the synergistic effect of the lignin and the polyphenol compound, the film is endowed with excellent oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor barrier properties and an antibacterial function. The film is green and safe, and is suitable for active packaging of food, especially fresh keeping of fruits and vegetables.

The present invention relates to the production of biocomposite materials through the co-cultivation of mycelium and algae. This innovative method integrates sustainable practices and utilizes waste materials to create carbon-negative, durable, and biodegradable composites suitable for various applications, including interior design, construction, automotive and packaging.

The invention discloses an irradiation cross-linked biodegradable composite plastic straw and a preparation method thereof. The irradiation cross-linked biodegradable composite plastic straw is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-80% of polylactic acid, 15-45% of nano inorganic filler, 0.4-1% of chain extender, 1-3% of flexibilizer, 1-3% of lubricant, 0.3-1% of nucleating agent, 0.3-1% of coupling agent, 1-10% of cross-linking agent and 0.3-1% of compatilizer. The chain extender is an epoxy group chain extender copolymer which contains 6-9 epoxy functional groups and is formed by copolymerizing glycidyl methacrylate, styrene and acrylic acid low-carbon alcohol ester through a solution polymerization or suspension polymerization process. The heat resistance of the polylactic acid composite plastic can be improved through irradiation processing, the polylactic acid composite plastic straw has higher heat resistance and does not deform in a high-temperature use environment, and pathogenic bacteria and viruses in a product are killed in the irradiation crosslinking process at the same time.

The present invention relates to a fully biodegradable composite structure, which is in the form of a sheet in a specific form and can be used for producing artificial leather, said composite structure having a surface layer formed with a biodegradable polymer as a polymer component, a composite layer made of a biodegradable polymer composition, the fabric layer is made of a biodegradable textile base material; and the surface layer is made of a biodegradable polymer which can be dispersed in water. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a composite structure, in which the composite structure can impart a desired surface structure, a method for composting the composite structure, and a method for separating the layers of the composite structure, in which the composite structure is treated by an organic solvent, which can selectively dissolve one or more layers in the composite structure.

The invention relates to a biodegradable composite material comprising a biodegradable polymer matrix and Padauk wood particles dispersed in said polymer matrix.

The invention belongs to the field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a wheat straw cellulose full-biodegradable composite material which is prepared by the following steps: (1) preparing hydrophobically modified MFC; (2) pre-degrading PLA (polylactic acid); (3) preparing fungal spore microcapsules; and (4) extruding and granulating to obtain the wheat straw cellulose full-biodegradable composite material. According to the scheme, full-biodegradable raw materials such as wheat straw cellulose, PBS and PLA are selected as main bodies, high-value utilization of agricultural waste is achieved, the degradable property of the material is guaranteed from the source, meanwhile, the mechanical property is improved by introducing a hydrophobic modified micron cellulose reinforced phase, the degradation time is precisely regulated and controlled in cooperation with a pH response type fungal spore microcapsule, and the degradation efficiency is improved. And the material has environment-triggered degradation capability while maintaining the use performance.

The preparation method of the biodegradable spunlace non-woven fabric specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, weighing degradable composite fibers, quantitatively conveying the degradable composite fibers into a pre-opener for pre-opening, and then conveying the degradable composite fibers into a fine opener for fine opening; step 2, carding the finely opened degradable composite fibers to form a fiber web; 3, the obtained fiber net is sent to a spunlace area to be reinforced, fiber cloth is obtained, then hydrophilic softening finishing and shaping finishing are sequentially conducted on the fiber cloth, and the biodegradable spunlace non-woven fabric is obtained; the degradable composite fiber is prepared from the following raw materials: PLA resin, PBAT resin, maleic anhydride, vinyl triisopropoxy silane, white carbon black, glycerol, epoxidized soybean oil, modified montmorillonite and polyethylene wax. And when buried underground, the fertilizer can be naturally degraded into water and carbon dioxide required by crop growth, and has no pollution to the environment.

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly discloses a high-barrier biodegradable composite film and a preparation method thereof. The high-barrier biodegradable composite film comprises an outer layer, a sandwich layer and an inner layer, and the outer layer and the inner layer are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of PLA resin, 10-30 parts of PBS resin, 5-20 parts of PGA resin, 1-2 parts of a plasticizer, 2.5-3 parts of a chain extender, 2-4 parts of a barrier enhancer and 1.5-2.5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted PLA; and the sandwich layer is a fiber membrane prepared by mixing silane modified nano cellulose and nano-silver-loaded guar gum nanofiber. The composite film has the advantages of being high in barrier capacity, good in antibacterial effect, lasting in antibacterial property, high in mechanical strength and tight in interlayer combination.

The invention belongs to the field of polymeric membranes. The invention relates to a low-carbon high-barrier biodegradable composite film and a preparation method thereof, the composite film comprises five layers of films, and the five layers of films sequentially comprise a surface substrate layer, a high-barrier layer, a bonding layer, a transition layer and an inner substrate layer; the high-barrier layer surface is subjected to aluminum oxide vacuum evaporation treatment; the surface base material layer and the high-barrier layer are prepared through double-layer co-extrusion and two-way stretching, and the surface of the high-barrier layer is subjected to vacuum plating; the bonding layer, the transition layer and the inner base material layer are prepared through three-layer co-extrusion and film blowing, and the high-barrier layer surface and the bonding layer surface are subjected to dry compounding and curing to obtain the composite film; the degradable packaging film can effectively overcome the defects that in the prior art, a degradable packaging film is poor in water vapor and oxygen barrier property, transparency is reduced after multiple layers are compounded and the like, and meanwhile compared with a traditional composite film, carbon emission can be reduced by 50% or above.

Full-loop, method, process and system for the manufacture, utilization, and reclamation of single-use plastic cups including a cup and a compostable coupling that inhabits the recess of the subjacent frustoconical recess of the cup and is comprised of hydrophilic, biodegradable composites that absorb condensation. The invention provides for customer convenience while enhancing recycling initiatives. Comprising a full-loop system that originates at inception with purposeful design and compostable composites the invention functions through behavioral prompting visual animating indicia during utilization. The invention revolves within compostable composites and their respective data and motif characterizations that are digitally visible on hydraulically crushed cups which instruct reclamation robotics to programmatically recognize, target and sort single-use plastic cups, collectively enabling a systemic pathway of manufacture, utilization, and reclamation of the cup and coupling for the purpose of expanding the infrastructure of recycling and accordingly preserve the life-sustaining elements of air, water, and soil.

This invention relates to the technical field of textile packaging products, and in particular to a composite textile packaging bag and a composite process, comprising the following steps: S1, slurry preparation and homogenization: a bio-based polymer, plasticizer, modified nanofiller and solvent are mixed in proportion and placed in a stirring device for mixing and stirring to form a homogeneous functional composite slurry; S2, substrate pretreatment: a biodegradable textile substrate is provided and its surface is activated; S3, slurry coating; S4, gradient curing and composite: the substrate coated with slurry is sequentially passed through a first heating zone, a second heating zone and a third heating zone with gradient temperatures for stepwise drying, cross-linking curing and cooling, so that the functional composite slurry forms a dense barrier layer on the surface of the substrate, thereby obtaining the multifunctional biodegradable composite material; the substrate and slurry components used are biodegradable, improving environmental friendliness.

The invention relates to the technical field of compatilizers, and particularly discloses a P34HB-g-GMA compatilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The P34HB-g-GMA compatilizer is prepared from the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 88%-98% of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate), 0.02%-2% of an initiator, 1%-10% of glycidyl methacrylate, 0.1%-1% of an inhibitor, 0.1%-1% of a lubricant and 0.1%-1% of an auxiliary agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the preparation raw materials is 100%. The P34HB-g-GMA, which is prepared by carrying out addition reaction on GMA serving as a grafting monomer and free radicals on a P34HB molecular chain, has the property of a compatilizer, and can be used for effectively improving the compatibility between PHA and other biological materials and improving the stability and the mechanical property of the composite material when being applied to a biodegradable composite material.

A biodegradable composite includes an organic matter and a porous material, wherein the organic matter has viable bacteria, and a total plate count of the organic matter is greater than or equal to 104 CFU / g. The organic matter accounts for 40% to 80% of a weight of the biodegradable composite. The porous material accounts for 20% to 60% of the weight of the biodegradable composite. The biodegradable composite could instantly remove unpleasant odor and accelerate a decomposition process to form compost. A product containing the biodegradable composite is provided as well.

The invention relates to the field of high polymer materials, and particularly discloses a biodegradable composite express packaging bag and a preparation method thereof. A biodegradable composite express packaging bag comprises an outer layer film, a fiber layer, a framework layer, a fiber layer and an inner layer film. The outer layer film and the inner layer film are PBAT blended films, and the PBAT blended films are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 to 6 parts of PBAT resin, 1 to 1.5 parts of polyglycolic acid, 3 to 4 parts of polypropylene carbonate, 0.05 to 0.1 part of compatilizer, 0.15 to 0.2 part of antioxidant and 0.1 to 0.15 part of lubricant; the raw materials of the fiber layer comprise PBAT resin, PBST resin and a compatibilizer, and the fiber layer is prepared through melt differential electrostatic spinning; and the framework layer is an aramid nanofiber layer loaded with MOF-808. The biodegradable composite express packaging bag has the advantages of being high in longitudinal and transverse tensile strength, high in tear resistance, suitable for express packaging, capable of being biodegraded and excellent in barrier property.

Intermediate for shotgun cartridges, comprising or consisting of a fully biodegradable composite system which comprises at least one polymer biodegradable according to DIN EN ISO 13432 and at least one non-mineral filler biodegradable according to DIN EN ISO 13432, characterized in that the weight proportion of the at least one biodegradable polymer is at least 80 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composite system, and the weight proportion of the at least one biodegradable non-mineral filler is max. 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composite system, wherein the intermediary exhibits a maximum water absorption of 1 wt.%, measured according to ISO 62:1999 as specified in the description.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of thin film packaging, and particularly relates to a highly shrinkable and biodegradable composite film and a preparation method thereof. The film layer structure of the highly shrinkable and biodegradable composite film sequentially includes a first heat-sealing layer, a first barrier layer, a core layer, a second barrier layer, and a second heat-sealing layer from top to bottom; the first heat-sealing layer and the second heat-sealing layer are polylactic acid film layers; the components of the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer include polyhydroxyalkanoates, toughening agents, nano-active oxides, plasticizers, and antistatic agents; the components of the core layer include poly-L-lactic acid, amorphous oligomers, and nano-active oxides. The composite film has biodegradability, excellent and stable heat-sealing performance, and excellent barrier performance. At the same time, the thermal shrinkage rates in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the composite film can be controlled, solving the problems of poor barrier performance and uncontrollable longitudinal and transverse shrinkage rates of existing ordinary biaxially oriented polylactic acid films.

The present application provides a flame-retardant, heat-insulating bio-based degradable composite material and its preparation method and application, which relates to the field of polymer composite materials. The preparation method of the flame-retardant, heat-insulating bio-based degradable composite material of the present application adopts low-molecular-weight polylactic acid with end hydroxyl groups having biodegradable properties as raw material, and after modifying the end group of the flame retardant molecule DDP, it is used to extend the chain of the low-molecular-weight polylactic acid to obtain high-molecular-weight intrinsic flame-retardant polylactic acid, so that the polylactic acid has both excellent flame-retardant properties and mechanical properties. Polyethylene glycol with excellent heat-insulating properties is used as a phase change material, and its end group is modified so that it has a strong intermolecular force with the intrinsic flame-retardant polylactic acid, thereby preventing the loss of phase change components during the foaming process. After being evenly mixed in an internal mixer, the flame-retardant, phase-change heat-insulating polylactic acid composite material is foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide to form a continuous microporous structure, reduce the thermal conductivity, and further improve the heat-insulating performance.