The invention discloses a quality control method of a ground temperature observation material. The method includes the following steps: firstly acquiring temperature data of a meteorological station within an object region, then resolving an experimental variance function value, and using an arctan function that is proposed to carry out fitting on the experimental variance function value, then resolving the weight of each neighboring meteorological station to an object meteorological station by using a Kriging equation set, further using gradient Kriging method to estimate the temperature values of respective meteorological station and evaluate the precision of the temperature values, and finally conduct threshold examination on a temperature estimation value and an original observation value so as to determine whether the data is right or not and correct the data accordingly. According to the invention, the method addresses the problems of insufficient consideration of impact of space distribution, temperature space relativity and variance thereof and landform on temperature of current quality control methods.