The invention discloses a photoelectric nerve synaptic memristor which structurally comprises a bottom electrode layer, a quantum dot modified porous structure layer, a two-dimensional material layer, a transparent top electrode layer and an optical waveguide layer from bottom to top in sequence. The memristor is characterized in that the optical waveguide layer is a ridge-shaped optical waveguide, has a light conduction effect and comprises a wedge-shaped output end, and light can be vertically emitted into the two-dimensional material layer and the quantum dot modified porous structure layer through the wedge-shaped output end of the optical waveguide layer. By integrating the optical waveguide and a photoelectric nerve synapse function structure, the photoelectric control characteristic with high alignment and confinement is obtained, and the photoelectric nerve synaptic device has the advantage of controlling the photoelectric synergistic effect in the photoelectric nerve synapse device. The memristor is simple in operation, high in controllability and excellent in performance, is widely applied to the fields of high-density storage calculation, artificial synapse simulation, artificial intelligence and the like, and is favorable for exploring a novel cranial nerve-like working mechanism.