The invention relates to an aerogel based high-heat retention textile composite and a preparation method of the aerogel based high-heat retention textile composite, and the aerogel based high-heat retention textile composite sequentially comprises a waterproof and moisture permeable layer, an aerogel heat insulation layer, a far infrared light shielding layer, a phase change energy storage layer and a waterproof and moisture permeable layer from outside to inside. The aerogel based high-heat retention textile composite solves the problem that a powder of an aerogel falls off when the aerogel is used as a heat insulation material, the aerogel is prevented from being dried again in the application process of the aerogel to break the three-dimensional space structure, the advantage of the heat conductivity coefficient is protected against damages, the defect of high loss of the thermal radiation heat of the aerogel, as a main body of the heat insulation material, is improved, the serviceability and the heat retention of the material are further improved, the material achieves the self-temperature regulation function, and the aerogel based high-heat retention textile composite has an excellent market application prospect.