Systems and methods are provided for
ozonolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a liquid CO2 reaction environment. It has been unexpectedly discovered that
oxygen-containing functional groups can be added to PAH substrates while substantially avoiding
combustion reactions and while reducing or minimizing formation of energetic intermediates. Because the formation of energetic intermediates is minimal, the
ozonolysis can be performed at temperatures near ambient (e.g., between −10° C. and 50° C.) while still achieving a satisfactory
safety profile. In various aspects,
ozonolysis can occur while forming a reduced or minimized amount of water, such as forming substantially no water in the reaction environment.