The invention relates to an RWD automobile gearbox transmission error detection test bench and a comprehensive testing method, and belongs to the technical field of automobile gearbox detection. The test bench comprises a test bench device and an adjustment and supporting device. The test bench device comprises an AC drive motor, an input end elastic shaft coupler, an input end transmission error comprehensive detection device, an input end cv-joint synchronous universal shaft coupler, a gearbox input spline shaft, a tested gearbox, a gearbox output flange shaft, a first output end elastic shaft coupler, an output end transmission error comprehensive detection device, a second output end elastic shaft coupler, a two-gear reduction gearbox, an output end cv-joint synchronous universal shaft coupler, and an AC loading motor. The test bench is advantageous in that the device employs a U-shaped layout and reduces the area of an occupied land; the test bench can measure the static and dynamic transmission errors of the gearbox at the same time; the test bench employs the two-gear reduction gearbox and a sliding table mechanism, can meet the testing requirements of different types of gearboxes, and improves the universality of the test bench.