The invention discloses an environmental protection air pollution detection and treatment equipment, and its structure includes a fixed seat, a connecting seat, an external connecting pipe, a detection cavity, and a collection device. The fixed seat is fixedly connected with the connecting seat, the connecting seat is provided with the external connecting pipe, the other end of the external connecting pipe is fixed in the detection cavity, the external connecting pipe is connected with the detection cavity, the detection cavity is provided with a collection device, and the collection device iscommunicated with the detection cavity. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by entering the gas in the atmosphere into the inlet cavity, and entering the concentration cavity through the air inlet channel and the communication port, after the gas in the concentration cavity is filled, the airbag is filled through the interface, after the airbag is expanded, the plate body is pushed upward to realize the closing of the inlet cavity; at the same time, the external pressure source is turned off, because the space in the concentration cavity is fixed, so as to achievea constant sample volume, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection value of air pollution and facilitating the adoption of corresponding measures for prevention.