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This invention discloses an indoline fused heterocyclic compound, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the field of pharmaceutical synthesis technology. The method includes the following steps: using quinone imine monoketal and α,β-unsaturated cycloalkenyl ether as raw materials, and employing a Brønsted acid-phosphonic acid catalyst, a Brønsted acid-catalyzed [3+2] tandem cyclization reaction is carried out to obtain the indoline fused heterocyclic compound. The method provided by this invention features readily available raw materials and mild conditions, while also exhibiting high regioselectivity, chemoselectivity, and atom economy. The product can be efficiently separated by column chromatography, providing an excellent pathway for the large-scale preparation of this type of compound. Furthermore, the indoline fused heterocyclic compound provided by this invention has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), demonstrating good antitumor biological activity, which is of great positive significance for promoting the development of antitumor drugs.