The invention provides a phosphorus content determination method, which comprises: (1) dissolving a sample with a mass of m in water, adding a buffer solution, adjusting the pH value to 8-10, and adding a metal indicator to obtain a colored sample solution; (2) a magnesium salt solution with the molar concentration of C1 is added into the colored sample solution obtained in the step (1) through titration until the reaction endpoint, and the volume of the consumed magnesium salt solution is V1; (3) the phosphorus content P% is calculated according to a formula, the unit of C1 is mol / L, the unit of V1 is mL, the unit of m is g, M is the molar mass of phosphorus, and the unit is g / mol. The phosphorus content determination method provided by the invention is simple, rapid and accurate to operate, and can greatly improve the test efficiency on the premise of not influencing the test accuracy.