The invention requests to protect a Raman spectrum substance monitoring system based on internet of things, and a method. The monitoring system used for Raman spectrum substance monitoring, and comprise testing terminals, a wireless data transmission module, and a cloud side processor; the testing terminals are mainly used for detecting various indexes of the detected substance by adopting the Raman spectrum detector by the production enterprise, the government supervision mechanism, the consumer including the food medicine, generating detection data, and sending the generated detection data and image to the cloud-side processor in an encryption way in real time through the wireless transmission module; the cloud-side processor is mainly used for receiving the detection data sent by the testing terminals arranged at various distributed websites, computing, processing, and storing the detection data, and judging whether the detection data conforms to the national and international standards; and meanwhile; the result can be timely fed back to the detection terminals at various places, the platform management center, and related departments and enterprises according to the level of the comprehensive data of the preset threshold.