The invention discloses a battery diaphragm with three cellular structures, a preparing method thereof, and adopted pore-forming agents and extraction agents. The pore-forming agents include an organic pore-forming agent and an inorganic pore-forming agent, wherein the organic pore-forming agent is high-boiling point micromolecular organic matter, and the inorganic pore-forming agent is nano-particles of water-soluble inorganic salt. The extraction agents include a first extraction agent and a second extraction agent, wherein the first extraction agent is a mixture of dichloromethane and phosphate, and the second extraction agent is water. By the adoption of the pore-forming agents, the size, shape and distribution of formed pores can be well controlled, and the porosity and venting quality of the battery diaphragm can be improved; extraction can be achieved more completely by means of the extraction agents, and the amount of pore-forming agent residue is small; the pore-forming agents, the extraction agents, and macromolecular polyethylene and ultrahigh molecular polyethylene which are matched according to a specific ratio serve as raw materials, and the battery diaphragm with three cellular structures and high comprehensive performance can be obtained through specific devices and processing technology.