The invention provides a building surveying and mapping method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the method comprises the steps: integrating data, constructing an intelligent
algorithm server, planning a flight path, and distributing tasks; receiving and confirming flight tasks and path information, and flying to respective initial surveying and mapping points; flying along an intelligent
algorithm dynamic optimization path, and synchronously collecting building data by a multi-source heterogeneous sensor according to preset parameters; encrypting and transmitting the processed surveying and mapping data to the block
chain network, and recording a data hash value, a
timestamp and an unmanned aerial vehicle identifier; generating a high-precision building three-dimensional model and a
material distribution report; and completing the task, landing according to the plan, returning task details, and comprehensively checking and maintaining the unmanned aerial vehicle and equipment. An intelligent
algorithm server is constructed by integrating various types of information, a flight path and a distribution task can be scientifically planned, multiple unmanned aerial vehicles cooperatively work and are linked with a
data processing center and a block
chain network, and a multi-source heterogeneous sensor collects data and performs real-time fusion
processing and monitoring, so that the accuracy and efficiency of the data are guaranteed; and
data security and
traceability are ensured by using block chain storage, and the precision, efficiency, security and reliability of building surveying and mapping are greatly improved.