The invention belongs to the technical field of application of geothermal wells, and discloses an integrated geothermal well single-hole extraction and charging heat exchange method and integrated geothermal well single-hole extraction and charging heat exchange equipment. The heat exchange method is characterized in that a deep geothermal replacement pipe, a special pipe for heat collection and heat preservation, a heat recovery pump, a geothermal energy comprehensive utilization device, a recharge pressurization pump, a geothermal well pipe, a water return supplement pump, a water pressure gauge, a water gas observation meter and other equipment instruments are adopted, deep geothermal wells are formed one by one, a heat collection and recharge full-sealed space water circulation is adopted used for replacing geothermal energy to the upper part for heating in winter, and a heat preservation measure is taken in the process of extracting the ground hot water; and the water circulation heat exchange is carried out by utilizing the characteristics that the deep heat is high, the space leakproofness is good, and the water resource consumption is small. According to the heat exchange method and equipment, the good effects that environment is protected, water resources are saved, the stratum application is wide, the heat energy conversion efficiency is high, and the well-forming workload is reduced are achieved, the method and the equipment can be used for energy development of a terrestrial heat site and hot dry rock, and the characteristics of energy conservation, environmental protection, low cost, good social benefit and good economic benefit are achieved.