The invention discloses a novel driving system for a transplanter which comprises a frame, and an engine, a power generator assembly, a control system, a storage battery, a gear box and a driven shaft travel section are arranged on the frame; the gear box comprises an on-off transplanting power control part, an external gear for deceleration, a symmetric planetary gear for deceleration and a gear worm for speed control. The gear worm is electrically controlled and can regulate the rotary speed of travel wheels at two ends respectively, therefore, the stepless-change forward gear, reverse gear and neutral gear can be output when rotating at a uniform speed, differential accurate steering and in-situ turning over in the field can be realized when rotating at a non-uniform speed or rotating reversely, and the forward gear with nonadjustable speed can be realized when not rotating. The novel driving system for the transplanter is simple in structure and machining, integrates electrical regulation of speed, electrically-controlled differential steering and in-situ turning over, is particularly suitable for line control, on line and remote control transplanters, greatly improves working quality, lowers labor intensity and is the development trend of future transplanter driving systems.