The invention discloses a multifunctional agricultural machine for transplantation, reaping, water pumping and plant protection on rice, comprising a linear motor, a seedling installation rack, a seedling hopper, wheels, bolts, stop blocks, a supporting piece, a moving blade arm of a cutter, a fixed blade arm of the cuter, a water pump, a connecting piece of the water pump, a stand, an electric control system, stand wheels and the like. The linear motor is used as a mechanism for transplantation, reaping and water pumping on the rice and used for transplantation, reaping, water pumping and plant protection on the rice, watering on crops and other operations. The invention has integrated advantages of low cost, high efficiency, small size, miniaturization, medium-and-large scale, energy saving, environmental protection, simple structure, high reliability, convenient use and maintenance and the like and is a multifunctional agricultural machine suitable for broad peasant households with low income.