The invention relates to the synthesis and application of a multi-type organelle fluorescent probe containing heteroatom polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The fluorescent probe of the present invention can specifically target lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and mitochondria-nucleus, and is applied to fluorescence imaging, labeling, tracing and biological treatment. The synthesis method of the invention is to activate C=X (X=N, O, S, N-R) and alkynes to undergo [4+2] oxidative cyclization reaction through rhodium-catalyzed activation. In this method, heteroatom-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives with diverse structures are efficiently and rapidly synthesized from cheap and readily available acridones and their analogs. Compared with the traditional reaction system, this method not only achieves high-throughput and rapid synthesis of various heteroatom-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives, but also has the advantages of simple operation, mild conditions, and low cost; at the same time, through this The method can quickly establish a library of powerful fluorescent functional molecules, which has great potential commercial value.