A preparation method of an aqueous thickener: mixing deionized water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate to prepare a buffer solution; mixing deionized water, aluminum salts, and magnesium salts to prepare an aqueous solution containing magnesium and aluminum; mixing deionized water , polyvinylpyrrolidone, and sodium hydroxide were mixed to prepare a solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone; under stirring conditions, water glass, an aqueous solution containing magnesium and aluminum, and a solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone were added dropwise to the buffer solution in turn to obtain a crystal Chemical liquid; after constant temperature crystallization, the obtained crystallization liquid is cooled, centrifuged, washed with water, dried, crushed, and sieved to obtain the finished product; the present invention inserts polyvinylpyrrolidone into magnesium aluminum silicate by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis In the middle of the layers of magnesium oxygen octahedron and silicon oxygen tetrahedron of the mineral, at the same time, through intermolecular force and hydrogen bond, polyvinylpyrrolidone is adsorbed on the inner and outer surfaces of magnesium aluminum silicate mineral particles, which is beneficial to improve the quality of magnesium aluminum silicate. Dispersion stability of salt minerals in water increases overall viscosity.