106results about How to "Reaction is slow" patented technology

A fully curable jettable composition having a viscosity less than 30 cps at a temperature within the range of 15-180° C., more preferably at a temperature of 15-100° C., e.g. 60-80° C. the composition comprising: (A) at least one low viscosity reactive resin selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an oxetane ring, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, tetrahydrofurans, hexahydropyrans and mono-functional (meth)acrylates, said resin having a molecular weight of not greater than 300 Daltons, e.g. 250 Daltons or less, and a viscosity at a temperature in the said range of less than 30 cps, e.g. 5 to 15 cps; (B) at least one higher viscosity resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, compounds containing an oxetane ring and acrylates, which resin acts to thicken the low viscosity resin and strengthen a jetted deposit of the composition, the higher viscosity resin having: a viscosity greater than twice that of the low viscosity resin at the said temperature in the range stated above, and a functionality of greater than or equal to 2; (C) at least one curable toughener, preferably having a functionality of at least 2, such as hydroxy, epoxy, acrylic or other reactive functionalised polymer/oligomer (e.g. derived by functionalising poly(tetrahydrofuran), polycaprolactone, polycarbonate diol, or a dendrimeric polyol; (D) at least one initiator for the polymerisation of the resins, and (E) at least one stabiliser for delaying the curing of the resins of the composition; wherein the low viscosity resin is slower to react than the higher viscosity resin and acts to solvate the higher viscosity resin prior to curing and at least partly during curing and wherein at least 30% of the components A and B are cationically curable resins. The composition can be jetted from piezo electric printing heads under the control of a computer program to form a multi-layered article, e.g. a three dimensional article, in which the adjacent droplets merge and are cured homogeneously together.

Methods and devices are provided for forming an absorber layer. In one embodiment, a method is provided comprising of depositing a precursor material onto a substrate, wherein the precursor material may include or may be used with an additive to minimize concentration of group IIIA material such as Ga in the back portion of the final semiconductor layer. The additive may be a non-copper Group IB additive in elemental or alloy form.

Process for producing a copper-containing aqueous solution, in which a copper mass is dissolved in the presence of air in an aqueous leach liquor containing monoethanolamine and an acid, wherein the amount of acid equivalents is between 0.05 and about 0.7 times the equivalents of monoethanolamine, and wherein the rate of copper dissolution into the aqueous leach liquor is greater than about 4.3 grams of copper per liter of leach liquor per hour until a product having at least about 80 grams per liter is obtained.

This invention relates to a durable layer composition for in-mold decoration.

The invention provides efficient, inexpensive, and environmental friendly catalysts and catalyst systems. The catalysts can be used to catalyze esterification and/or transesterification reactions, for example, for the preparation of biodiesel. Kiln dust, such as cement kiln dust (CKD) or lime kiln dust (LKD) can be used to convert a variety of feedstock acids and/or esters to biodiesel in high yield under mild conditions. The CKD and LKD catalyst systems are recyclable esterification or transesterification catalysts that can be used to prepare biodiesel, such as methyl soyate, from various feedstocks, including vegetable oils and animal fats.

An eye guard with voice indication is provided, and it includes an eye guard body, a filter, a display device and a voice output device. The display device is mounted inside the eye guard body to display a circumstance value or operating condition information. Furthermore, the voice output device is electrically connected with the display device and includes a main controller, a power supply, a sound output controller, a sensor circuit and a drive circuit. The sensor circuit has at least one sensor exposed on an external surface of the eye guard body and defined in a supposed centerline of the filter to detect the surrounding circumstance. Thus, the circumstance value and the operation condition information are noticed in the form of voice and vision simultaneously for the operators.

A method of fracking carbonate-rich reservoirs, comprising injecting a cryogenic or chilled fluid followed by an acid into said reservoir, allowing the acid to etch said reservoir, and thereby increasing production of a fluid, such as water, oil or gas, from said reservoir.

Compositions comprising a polymer and an exfoliated metal phosphonate are provided. Processes for making such polymer compositions and articles formed from such polymer compositions are also provided. Compositions according to the invention are useful in polymer applications in which barrier properties are of concern, such as in plastic food and beverage containers.

The invention concerns processes for producing polyurethane compositions with a low content of diisocyanate monomer(s), the use of polyurethane compositions produced by these processes, especially in a bonding process or for coating purposes, and adhesives and coating compounds that contain these types of polyurethane compositions.

Methods and devices are provided for forming an absorber layer. In one embodiment, a method is provided comprising of depositing a precursor material onto a substrate, wherein the precursor material may include or may be used with an additive to minimize concentration of group IIIA material such as Ga in the back portion of the final semiconductor layer. The additive may be a non-copper Group IB additive in elemental or alloy form. Some embodiments may use both selenium and sulfur

The invention relates to monocrystalline single crystals of metal-organic framework materials comprising at least one aluminium metal ion, processes for preparing the same, methods for employing the same, and the use thereof. The invention also relates to monocrystalline aluminium metal-organic frameworks.

This invention relates to very specific oxyalkylene-substituted aminophenol compounds as intermediates for the production of poly(oxyalkylene)-substituted xanthene (or other type) colorants. Such an inventive intermediate compound is produced in a single step by reacting an oxyalkylene oxide having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms (branched or unbranched), glycidol, or a glycidyl directly with aminophenol without the use of a catalyst and at a relatively low temperature. Propylene oxide and m-aminophenol are the preferred reactants. The propylene oxide selectively reacts with the amine group on the m-aminophenol without propoxylating the phenolic hydroxyl group. Such a specific method thus does not require extra time- and cost-consuming steps of protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group from attack. After production, this intermediate may be reacted with suitable compounds to ultimately form any number of different colorants, including xanthenes, oxazines, coumarins, and the like. The resultant oxypropylene groups may subsequently be reacted with electrophile compounds to produce any number of different colorants. Resultant colorants produced through the reaction of the inventive intermediate are also contemplated within this invention.

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a hydrogel comprising the step of crosslinking a biopolymer using a carbodiimide crosslinker of Formula I wherein at least one of R¹ and R² is a functional group that is a bulky organic functional group. R¹ and R² can each independently be an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic, and an aryl. The bulky organic functional group will slow down the crosslinking reaction of carbodiimide due to the steric effects and/or electronic effects, in comparison to a crosslinking reaction using EDC. Also provided are the hydrogels and ophthalmic devices prepared using the method of the invention and uses thereof.

The invention relates to, and the general field of the invention is that of, the synthesis of silicone resins, more particularly the synthesis of silicone resins of type MQ. The process relates to the preparation of MQ silicone resins and permits better control of the operating conditions in the step of the polymerization of a sodium silicate (B) in aqueous medium in the presence of an acid (C) to form a silica hydrosol (polysilicic acid). In the course of the polycondensation step the reactants, a sodium silicate and an acid, are mixed, preferably in continuous fashion, dynamically to form a mixture (3), by means of at least one intensive mixing tool (M) producing a power ε per unit volume of more than 10 kW/m³.

The extremely rapid anionic polymerization rate of polystyrene has made polymerization difficult to control and has prevented large-scale development. This invention uses batch polymerization to utilize the rapid rate of polymerization to complete polymerization from zero to 100% conversion in minutes and turns this rapid rate into an advantage. Polystyrene itself is used as a heat sink to limit and control the maximum temperature reached during polymerization. Adiabatic polymerization increases the polymer temperature to the desired processing temperature of the polymer for either removal of volatile compounds or for direct pellet formation when no solvent is employed. The polystyrene to be used as a heat sink is added either as pellets or is first formed at a low controllable temperature. Extremely low levels of residual monomer are found in the product. This invention also demonstrates techniques to prevent gel formation or to reduce formation to an acceptable level.

A three-axis acceleration sensor having a simple construction is provided for improving shock resistance without lowering sensor sensitivity.

An acceleration sensor for detecting acceleration in three orthogonal directions includes an electrode substrate (5) having fixed electrodes corresponding to three axes, respectively, a diaphragm (2) having one surface thereof opposed to the fixed electrodes acting as a movable electrode, and a weight (1) mounted centrally of the other surface of the diaphragm.

Acceleration is detected based on variations in capacitance between the fixed electrodes and diaphragm (2).

The electrode substrate (5) has an electret layer (4) formed to cover surfaces of the fixed electrodes.

This invention provides a method of manufacturing a contact lens comprising the step of: dosing a contact lens mold comprising optical mold surfaces with an oxygen-sensitive reaction mixture, wherein said optical surfaces of said contact lens mold have between from 0.13x10-9 to 2.6x10-9 moles/cm2 O2 available to interfere with the reaction of said reaction mixture. This invention further provides a method of manufacturing a contact lens comprising the steps of: dosing a contact lens mold comprising optical mold surfaces with a reaction mixture, and sealing said reaction mixture and said optical mold surfaces away from a gaseous environment, wherein said optical surfaces of said contact lens mold were exposed to said gaseous environment comprising greater than 0.5 percent oxygen just prior to said sealing step.

Reactors and processes are disclosed that can utilize high heat fluxes to obtain fast, steady-state reaction rates. Porous catalysts used in conjunction with microchannel reactors to obtain high rates of heat transfer are also disclosed. Reactors and processes that utilize short contact times, high heat flux and low pressure drop are described. Improved methods of steam reforming are also provided.

A self-regulating on-demand gas generator. Generation of gas produced from a reaction is selectively, variably, and spontaneously controlled. A variable volume liquid chamber in communication with the pressure pot allows the volume of liquid reactant in the pressure pot to be varied. The amount of product gas generated in the pressure pot depends on the degree of contact between the solid-like reactant and the liquid reactant. The pressure of the product gas regulates the level of liquid in the pressure pot and thereby regulates the degree of contact between the solid-like reactant and the liquid reactant. A sealed gas chamber sharing a flexible diaphragm with the liquid chamber controls the expandability of the liquid chamber. Manipulating the pressure in the sealed gas chamber or the volume of the liquid reactant affects the pressure at which contact by the reactants will be initiated or terminated and thereby provides the ability to control the reaction.