The invention provides a rail type in-situ purification method for a drainage pipeline. A chain type rail is mounted in an inspection well and the drainage pipeline, suspended supports are suspended on the chain type rail, treatment units are embedded into the suspended supports, driving chain wheels are driven by motors to rotate, then a chain is driven, thus, the suspended supports are conveyedinto the drainage pipeline, and an auxiliary unit is arranged on the ground outside the inspection well and used for assisting the treatment units in in-situ purification of the drainage pipeline. Theinternal space of the inspection well and the drainage pipeline is fully utilized, through ingenious design of the chain type rail and the suspended supports, the treatment units are conveyed and arranged in the drainage pipeline, and through the flexible combination of the treatment units and the auxiliary unit, in-situ water quality purification, disinfection and sterilization and dredging of the drainage pipeline are achieved. Compared with the prior art, the rail type in-situ purification method has the prominent characteristics of being high in applicability, easy to implement, diverse in function, flexible in operation, remarkable in effect and the like.