The invention discloses a pressurization type accelerated corrosion test device of a tunnel lining structure. The device comprises a water storage tank arranged on the outer side of the tunnel liningstructure and used for accumulating corrosive liquid, a vertical pull rod, a cross beam, a piston, a sealing plate, an electric cylinder, a speed reducer, a motor, a pressure sensor and a controller,wherein the pressure sensor is installed on an inner bottom of the water storage tank, the pressure sensor and the motor are respectively connected with the controller, the motor drives the speed reducer, the electric cylinder, the piston and the sealing plate in sequence, and the sealing plate is placed at the top of an inner end of the water storage tank. The invention further discloses a pressurization control method adopted by the pressurization type accelerated corrosion test device of the tunnel lining structure. The operation of the motor is controlled by collecting the data of the pressure sensor so as to accurately control the pressure of the corrosive liquid in the water storage tank on the outer side of the tunnel lining structure. The pressurization type accelerated corrosion test device disclosed by the invention can accurately and truly simulate the actual service environment of the tunnel lining structure under the action of water pressure, and provides a more reliable test basis for the design and maintenance of the tunnel engineering.