The invention discloses a jacking construction method for an assembled-type external elevator shaftway structure. The jacking construction method comprises the steps that a foundation pit is excavated, and reinforced concrete foundations and pre-buried connecting components are made; a jacking guiding device is mounted on an existing building, and a jacking device is mounted at the bottom of the foundations; a jacking monitoring device is mounted on an assembled elevator shaftway top layer structure unit to conduct jacking operation of the top layer structure unit, the jacking operation stateis monitored in real time, and torsion or inclination of the structure is prevented cautiously; assembling and jacking of structure units of all standard layers are conducted in sequence, and a first-layer structure frame is mounted; equipment is dismounted, and an elevator shaftway and the existing building are connected through flexible connecting components layer by layer; construction of a roof, all layers of floors, partition plates and the first layer is conducted; and finally, an elevator is mounted. By adopting the jacking construction method, the occupied area is small, the period isshort, the efficiency is high, labor force is saved, heavy transportation vehicles and large lifting equipment are not needed, a scaffold does not need to be set up on site, and high-attitude operation and the influence on the daily life of residents can be reduced significantly.