The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and relates to a compound for pre-lithiation, a preparation method of the compound, a positive electrode pre-lithiation material, a preparation method of the positive electrode pre-lithiation material, and a lithium battery. The chemical formula of the compound is LixMyOz, wherein x is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 12, y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, z is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 11, and M is one or more selected from a group consisting of Nb, Ta, Zr, W, Sn, V, Ru, Ce or Bi. When the compound is used as a positive electrode pre-lithiation material, a decomposition potential is relatively low, charging specific capacity is high, a discharging process is irreversible, a relatively good lithium battery in-situ pre-lithiation effect can be realized, and the compound has good air stability, is compatible with an existing lithium battery production process and has a commercial application prospect. According to the lithium battery adopting the positive electrode pre-lithiation material, in the charging process of the battery, the compound is irreversibly decomposed to release active lithium ions, so active lithium loss caused by negative electrode SEI growth is supplemented, and the effects of improving the energy density of the lithium battery and prolonging the cycle life of the lithium battery can be achieved.