The invention belongs to the field of the petroleum industry, and particularly relates to a sustained-release long-acting nutrient for improving the valid period of indigenous microbial oil recovery. The invention adopts the technical principle that the conventional nutrient is prepared from water-soluble raw materials such as diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, amino acid, molasses and the like. The raw materials are water-soluble, have different adsorption capacities in a stratum and different moving speeds, are easily drained and lost, and have short valid period. The nutrient is immobilized by adopting an immobilization method with hydrogel and the like and slowly released in the stratum; and organic phosphate, low molecular weight protein powder and the like are slowly hydrolyzed in the stratum to generate the nutrient required by indigenous bacteria. The using concentration of the sustained-release nutrient is 0.2 to 2.0 percent. The valid period of indigenous bacteria oil recovery is prolonged, so that the nutrient can enter the deep part of an oil deposit, and the efficiency of the indigenous microbial oil recovery is improved.