The invention discloses a geological structure physical simulation experiment device for an ultra-high gravity field of a large-scale centrifugal machine. A bottom plate is arranged on a hanging basket of the centrifugal machine, lead screw assemblies are installed on the bottom plate, lead screws are arranged parallel to the bottom plate, steering devices and lead screw supporting columns are fixed to the bottom plate, sliding guiding rails are arranged on the bottom plate, a motor is installed on the bottom plate, output shafts at the two ends of the motor are connected with two steering devices, the steering devices and the end parts of the lead screws are connected, a fixed baffle is in threaded connection with the lead screws and embedded in the sliding guiding rails, a detachable baffle is arranged on the lower portion of the fixed baffle, the lower end of the detachable baffle is hinged to a swing baffle through a hinge, a curved surface platform with an arc-shaped cylindrical curved surface is arranged on the bottom plate, and moving trajectories of the arc-shaped cylindrical curved surface of the curved surface platform are on the same cylindrical surface taking the rotaryshaft of the centrifugal machine as the circle center shaft when the centrifugal machine rotates and operates. The device has the advantages that a fluid body material in the experiment can be allowed to be located on the same centrifugal force equipotential surface, so that the flowing of the fluid body material caused by non-experiment power factors is prevented, the simulation errors in the prior art is eliminated, and therefore geological structure physical simulation is more accurate.