The invention relates to a method for preparing a solar cell polysilicon raw material from rice hulls. The method comprises the following steps: heat treatment, activation treatment and chemical purification treatment of rice hulls. The method has the advantages of small drug dose, less pollution discharging and low production cost. The grain size of finally prepared mixed powder of SiO2 and C isin a nano range, and when the mixed powder is applied to an arc furnace for reducing and smelting silicon, the mixed powder presents higher reactivity and lower specific energy consumption. The mixedpowder prepared from SiO2 and C comprises boron less than 0.8ppm and phosphorus less than 0.5ppm, the total impurity content is less than 100ppm, and high-purity (99.99 percent) polysilicon products containing low boron and phosphorus for solar cells can be smelted and produced by using the mixed powder (or pills) as a raw material. If a universal wet hydrogen boron removal type suspension zone smelting method continues to be used for physical purification, solar-grade polysilicon can be finally manufactured. The solar-grade polysilicon is then processed and drawn into single crystal ingots, and the single crystal ingots are cut into silicon chips which can be used for producing solar panel products.