The invention discloses a mineral roasting reduction device. The device comprises a feeding zone, a drying preheating zone, a roasting oxidation reaction zone, a pressure-regulating zone, a reduction reaction zone, a discharging zone and a water-sealing cooling zone, which are arranged from the top down and communicated with one another, wherein the feeding zone is provided with an automatic sealing device; the drying preheating zone is provided with a directional pressurizing device for vacuum-pumping; the roasting oxidation reaction zone is provided with an incendiary agent adding device; the pressure-regulating zone is provided with a plurality of pressure-regulating air doors; the reduction reaction zone is provided with a reducing agent adding device. The mineral roasting reduction device is provided with the directional pressurizing device, so that negative pressure can be generated in the inner part of the device; molecular flows of both an incendiary agent and an reducing agent are in uplink, while mineral is in downlink, so that a convection current movement is formed to ensure conversion affinity of the solid phase and the gas phase; in the device, the mineral sequentially is subjected to drying, preheating, heating, resolving, reducing, water quenching, cooling and discharging from the top down, and all processes are performed in an air-free state thoroughly to complete roasting reaction.