The invention provides a rapid irrigation and drainage device for a paddy field test plot. The device comprises an inlet pipe assembly and a drain pipe assembly, wherein the inlet pipe assembly comprises a horizontal inlet pipe, an outer side vertical inlet pipe and a right angle bent pipe, and the horizontal inlet pipe, the outer side vertical inlet pipe and the right angle bent pipe are connected to form an 'L' structure; and the drain pipe assembly comprises a horizontal drain pipe, an inner side vertical drain pipe, an outer side vertical drain pipe, an inner side right angle bent pipe andan outer side right angle bent pipe, and the horizontal drain pipe, the inner side vertical drain pipe, the outer side vertical drain pipe, the inner side right angle bent pipe and the outer side right angle bent pipe are connected to form a ' ' structure. When the outer side vertical inlet pipe is rotated to a horizontal position, water in an intake canal is poured into the plot through the inlet pipe assembly, and when the outer side vertical inlet pipe is rotated to a vertical position, the irrigation is stopped; when the outer side vertical drain pipe is rotated to a horizontal position,water in the plot is discharged into a drainage canal through the drain pipe assembly, and when the outer side vertical drain pipe is rotated to a vertical position, the drainage is stopped; by rotating the angle of the inner side vertical drain pipe, the height difference between a pipe orifice of the inner side vertical drain pipe and the field surface is adjusted to achieve the purpose of controlling the height of a water layer in the plot.