The invention belongs to the field of macromolecular composite materials and 3D printing materials, and specifically relates to a nanometer cellulose/cellulose compound capable of being applied to a polylactic acid 3D printing material and the relevant enhanced 3D printing material. According to the invention, the natural cellulose, acid, a silane coupling agent and polylactic acid are used as rawmaterials to obtain the nanometer cellulose/cellulose compound and the enhanced polylactic acid 3D printing material through a constant temperature water bath reaction and blending extrusion. In a preparation process, the steps of raw material pretreatment, mixing, heating in water bath, drying, blending extrusion, wire drawing and the like are performed; a whole preparation technology is simple;the repeatability is high; compared with pure polylactic acid, the prepared 3D printing material has the advantages that the mechanical property is remarkably improved, and the processing performanceis high; compared with an ordinary natural cellulose enhanced polylactic acid 3D printing material, the enhanced polylactic acid 3D printing material has the advantages that the transparency is high;during printing, end blockage and edge tilting are not prone to occur; and relatively-high application value is realized in the fields of home, decoration, lamps, art, model design and the like.