The invention discloses a diagnostic control method and system based on a water level data process of a water collecting well, a storage medium and a terminal. The method comprises the following steps that: a process relationship between data and time of a water collecting well is set, wherein the data include control data and non-control data, the control data are water levels and the non-control data include one or more of water level rising/falling speeds, a water amount of a water collecting well, a flow of a draining pump, running/stopping time of the draining pump, a motor current, and a motor voltage; limit process intervals of all data are set, the water level of the water collecting well is detected in real time, and when the water level exceeds the limit process interval, water level error-reporting diagnosis is performed; and/or non-control data of the water collecting well are collected in real time, and when the non-control data exceed the limit process interval, error reporting diagnosis of the non-control data is performed. According to the invention, error reporting diagnosis is performed when process abnormity of the water level data and the non-control data of the water collecting well occurs instead of corresponding controlling; and controlling is not performed only when the data process is diagnosed comprehensively.