58results about How to "Excellent power generation characteristics" patented technology

Provided are a piezoelectric thin film including a lead-free ferroelectric material and exhibiting high piezoelectric performance comparable to that of PZT, and a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric thin film. The piezoelectric thin film of the present invention has a multilayer structure in which a metal electrode film having a plane orientation of (100), a (Bi,Na)TiO₃ film, and a (Bi,Na,Ba)TiO₃ film having a plane orientation of (001) are laminated in this order. The piezoelectric thin film of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of fields and uses. For example, with the piezoelectric thin film of the present invention, an angular velocity sensor of the present invention having high sensitivity and a piezoelectric generating element of the present invention having excellent power generation characteristics can be constructed.

In producing an oxygen reduction catalyst including a nitrogen-containing active carbide by converting either a mixture of a carbonaceous solid raw material (coal-derived binder pitch) and a nitrogen-containing organic compound (melamine or the like) or a nitrogen-containing organic polymer compound (polyacrylonitrile, melamine resin or the like) into a powdery material, baking the powdery material, and subjecting the baked product to steam activation, the presence ratio of nitrogen and the presence ratio of carbon relating to a shake-up process in the surface and the spin density of unpaired electrons showing Curie paramagnetism are controlled to be high, by selection of the baking temperature, the mixing ratio between the carbonaceous solid raw material and the nitrogen-containing organic compound, or the nitrogen-containing organic polymer compound material. In incorporating the catalyst into an electrochemical device, the catalyst and an ion conductive polymer are mixed and a catalyst layer is formed from the mixture so as to make smooth the movement of ions and electrons, and, in applying the catalyst to a polymer electrolyte type fuel cell, an MEA is produced. This makes it possible to provide a catalyst comprised of a nitrogen-containing active carbide and a production method thereof, and an electrochemical device using the catalyst.

For a combination of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107, catalytic layers 111 and 113 disposed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107, gas diffusion layers 112 and 114 disposed outside the catalytic layers 111 and 113, and separators 103 and 104 disposed outside the gas diffusion layers 112 and 114, the catalytic layer 113 to be cathode-sided includes a carbon carrier 117 composed of carbon having a mean lattice plane spacing d₀₀₂ of [002] planes calculated from an X-ray diffraction within a range of 0.343 nm to 0.358 nm, a crystallite size Lc within a range of 3 nm to 10 nm, and a specific surface area within a range of 200 m²/g to 300 m²/g, catalyst particlers 115 containing platinum supported on the carbon carrier 117, and an electrolyte 116. According to the invention, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is allowed to prevent a corroding deterioration of carbon carriers in the cathode catalytic layer in start and stop of the fuel cell, allowing for an enhanced stable output over a long term.

An electrode catalyst layer characterized by comprising composite particles comprising electrode catalyst particles supported on electrically conductive particles, a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) and a polyazole compound (component B), the content of the composite particles being 20 to 95% by weight, the total weight of component A and component B being 5 to 80% by weight, the weight ratio between component A and component B (A/B) being 1 to 999.

A proton exchange membrane is obtained which can give an excellent power generation characteristic when the membrane is applied to, in particular, a fuel cell wherein high-concentration methanol is used as a fuel. In the aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange membrane of the invention, the ion exchange capacity is set into the range of 0.6 to 1.3 meq/g. Moreover, the area swelling rate for a 30% by mass methanol aqueous solution at 40° C. is set into the range of 2 to 30%. Preferably, a sulfonic acid group is bonded to an aromatic ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon based polymer contained in the aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange film. Preferably, the aromatic hydrocarbon based polymer is a polyarylene ether based polymer.

It is to provide a membrane/electrode assembly excellent in the power generation characteristics under low or no humidity conditions and under high humidity conditions; and an electrolyte material having a low water content, suitable for a catalyst layer of a membrane/electrode assembly.

It is to use an electrolyte material, which comprises a polymer (H) having ion exchange groups converted from precursor groups in a polymer (F), the polymer (F) having repeating units (A) based on a perfluoromonomer having a precursor group of an ion exchange group and a 5-membered ring to which the precursor group is bonded and repeating units (B) represented by the formula (u2), and having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 2.3 dL/g.

wherein R¹ to R⁴ are a fluorine atom, a C_1-6 perfluoroalkyl group or the like.

The invention discloses an anode gas supply device and method of a fuel cell engine. Startup purging, hydrogen circulation, tail gas emission and shutdown purging of the galvanic pile are realized through a hydrogen inlet pressure regulating branch, a gas in-pile branch, an air purging branch, a gas circulation branch, a gas out-pile branch and a gas tail gas exhaust branch; therefore, enough hydrogen flow, pressure and internal suitable humidity are provided for normal operation of the fuel cell, high-efficiency stable operation of the fuel cell engine is realized without frequent load changeof a circulating pump, good power generation characteristics are ensured, and the hydrogen-rich fuel cell engine has the characteristics of high hydrogen utilization rate, strong tail gas exhaust effect and the like.

A direct oxidation fuel cell includes at least one unit cell. The at least one unit cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a hydrogen-ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes: a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane; and a diffusion layer. The diffusion layer includes: a porous composite layer containing a water-repellent binding material and an electron-conductive material; a first conductive porous substrate provided on the anode-side separator side of the porous composite layer; and a second conductive porous substrate provided on the catalyst layer side of the porous composite layer.

The invention discloses a heat pump cooling/heating system of a solar photovoltaic power generation system, comprising a solar photovoltaic panel and a working medium evaporator arranged below the solar photovoltaic panel. The working medium evaporator is sequentially connected with a three-way reversing valve, a working medium compressor, a working medium condenser and an electronic expansion valve to form a circulation loop. A working medium thermometer is arranged on the working medium evaporator. A hot water thermometer is arranged inside the working medium condenser. The working medium thermometer, the hot water thermometer and the electronic expansion valve are connected with a main control computer. While that the solar photovoltaic system works at optimal temperature is ensured, cooled heat can be recycled for heating, the solar energy utilization rate of the original system is improved greatly, the operation mode of solar photovoltaic power generation operation all the year is optimized, and the utilization rate of solar energy throughout the year is maximized. Moreover, the quality of energy can be improved through use of heat pumps, cooled heat at low temperature can be improved to a higher quality level to meet the requirements of life and heating temperature, and low-quality heat is recycled all year round.

A photovoltaic module has a photovoltaic cell assembly and a diode assembly. The photovoltaic cell assembly is formed by stacking a rear surface electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a transparent electrode layer on one surface of a substrate, and an electrode layer formed on the other surface of the substrate. The diode assembly is formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer on one surface of a second substrate. The first electrode layer or the second electrode layer of the diode assembly is formed of a conductive oxide. The electrode layer formed on the other surface of the substrate of the photovoltaic cell assembly and the electrode layer of the diode assembly surface-contact and electrically connected with each other. The photovoltaic cell assembly and the diode assembly are sealed and integrated with each other by a sealing member.

A rotary electric machine for a vehicle includes a rotor, a stator and a rectifying device for current AC/DC conversion. The machine operates as a motor and a generator. The machine comprises a multi-phase windings, switching elements forming a rectifying device, and a controller for controlling a current path of the multi-phase windings by switching the switching elements on and off to perform two modes of operation. The switching elements are switched such that one end of each windings is connected to either a high electrical potential end or a low electrical potential end of the rectifying device and the other ends of the windings connected together to be the same electrical potential are connected to either the high electrical potential end or the low electrical potential end in the rectifying device.

A solid electrolyte type fuel cell which incorporates a metal separator comprising a base material of a metal other than silver or a silver alloy which is plated with silver or a silver alloy. The fuel cell can achieve improved efficiency for electricity generation with no increase of the resistance of the metal separator, even when it is operated at a low temperature.