59results about How to "Excellent power generation characteristics" patented technology

Provided are a piezoelectric thin film including a lead-free ferroelectric material and exhibiting high piezoelectric performance comparable to that of PZT, and a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric thin film. The piezoelectric thin film of the present invention has a multilayer structure in which a metal electrode film having a plane orientation of (100), a (Bi,Na)TiO3 film, and a (Bi,Na,Ba)TiO3 film having a plane orientation of (001) are laminated in this order. The piezoelectric thin film of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of fields and uses. For example, with the piezoelectric thin film of the present invention, an angular velocity sensor of the present invention having high sensitivity and a piezoelectric generating element of the present invention having excellent power generation characteristics can be constructed.

A stack structure for a solid oxide fuel cell includes a plurality of stacked single cells, each having a fuel electrode layer including a fuel electrode and an air electrode layer including an air electrode, the fuel electrode layer and the air electrode layer being arranged opposite each other on either side of a solid electrolyte, separators arranged between the stacked single cells to separate the single cells, and non-porous seal parts located within the fuel electrode layer and the air electrode layer, are equivalent to either the separators or the solid electrolyte at least in terms of thermal expansion and contraction characteristics, and are integrated with an edge of the fuel electrode or an edge of the air electrode, and also with the adjacent separator and the adjacent solid electrolyte.

A stack structure for a solid oxide fuel cell includes a plurality of stacked single cells, each having a fuel electrode layer including a fuel electrode and an air electrode layer including an air electrode, the fuel electrode layer and the air electrode layer being arranged opposite each other on either side of a solid electrolyte, separators arranged between the stacked single cells to separate the single cells, and non-porous seal parts located within the fuel electrode layer and the air electrode layer, are equivalent to either the separators or the solid electrolyte at least in terms of thermal expansion and contraction characteristics, and are integrated with an edge of the fuel electrode or an edge of the air electrode, and also with the adjacent separator and the adjacent solid electrolyte.

It is to provide a membrane / electrode assembly excellent in the power generation characteristics under low or no humidity conditions and under high humidity conditions, and an electrolyte material suitable for a catalyst layer of the membrane / electrode assembly.It is to use an electrolyte material, which comprises a polymer (H) having ion exchange groups converted from precursor groups in a polymer (F) having repeating units (A) having a precursor group represented by the formula (g1) and repeating units (B) based on a perfluoromonomer having a 5-membered ring, and having a density of at most 2.03 g / cm3, the polymer (H) having an ion exchange capacity of from 1.3 to 2.3 meq / g dry resin:wherein Q1 and Q2 are a perfluoroalkylene group having an etheric oxygen atom, or the like, and Y is F or the like.

Provided are a piezoelectric thin film including a lead-free ferroelectric material and exhibiting high piezoelectric performance comparable to that of PZT, and a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric thin film. The piezoelectric thin film of the present invention has a multilayer structure in which a metal electrode film having a plane orientation of (100), a (Bi,Na)TiO3 film, and a (Bi,Na,Ba)TiO3 film having a plane orientation of (001) are laminated in this order. The piezoelectric thin film of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of fields and uses. For example, with the piezoelectric thin film of the present invention, an angular velocity sensor of the present invention having high sensitivity and a piezoelectric generating element of the present invention having excellent power generation characteristics can be constructed.

A membrane electrode assembly having a temperature responsive layer whose material permeability is reduced with temperature rise, on a laminate including an anode catalyst layer, an electrolyte membrane and a cathode catalyst layer in this order, and a fuel cell using the same are provided. The temperature responsive layer may be composed of a porous layer containing a temperature responsive material whose moisture content changes at a phase transition temperature. It is possible to repress increase in fuel supply amount to the anode catalyst layer in association with temperature rise, and moisture evaporation from the electrolyte membrane in association with temperature rise, and to prevent excessive temperature rise and thermal runaway of the fuel cell.

In producing an oxygen reduction catalyst including a nitrogen-containing active carbide by converting either a mixture of a carbonaceous solid raw material (coal-derived binder pitch) and a nitrogen-containing organic compound (melamine or the like) or a nitrogen-containing organic polymer compound (polyacrylonitrile, melamine resin or the like) into a powdery material, baking the powdery material, and subjecting the baked product to steam activation, the presence ratio of nitrogen and the presence ratio of carbon relating to a shake-up process in the surface and the spin density of unpaired electrons showing Curie paramagnetism are controlled to be high, by selection of the baking temperature, the mixing ratio between the carbonaceous solid raw material and the nitrogen-containing organic compound, or the nitrogen-containing organic polymer compound material. In incorporating the catalyst into an electrochemical device, the catalyst and an ion conductive polymer are mixed and a catalyst layer is formed from the mixture so as to make smooth the movement of ions and electrons, and, in applying the catalyst to a polymer electrolyte type fuel cell, an MEA is produced. This makes it possible to provide a catalyst comprised of a nitrogen-containing active carbide and a production method thereof, and an electrochemical device using the catalyst.

A rotating electrical machine for a vehicle is capable of improving the acceleration performance and the fuel mileage of the vehicle while achieving the prevention of occurrence of overvoltage and the improvement of its power generation characteristic at the same time. The machine includes an armature having an armature core and an armature winding wound around the armature core for generating an output voltage to charge a battery; a rotor having a rotor core with a field winding wound therearound, and permanent magnets for supplying magnetic flux to the armature core; and a voltage control section that adjust the output voltage of the armature by controlling the field current based on the value of an output voltage of the armature winding and the value and the direction of flow of the field current flowing through the field winding.

For a combination of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107, catalytic layers 111 and 113 disposed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107, gas diffusion layers 112 and 114 disposed outside the catalytic layers 111 and 113, and separators 103 and 104 disposed outside the gas diffusion layers 112 and 114, the catalytic layer 113 to be cathode-sided includes a carbon carrier 117 composed of carbon having a mean lattice plane spacing d002 of [002] planes calculated from an X-ray diffraction within a range of 0.343 nm to 0.358 nm, a crystallite size Lc within a range of 3 nm to 10 nm, and a specific surface area within a range of 200 m2 / g to 300 m2 / g, catalyst particlers 115 containing platinum supported on the carbon carrier 117, and an electrolyte 116. According to the invention, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is allowed to prevent a corroding deterioration of carbon carriers in the cathode catalytic layer in start and stop of the fuel cell, allowing for an enhanced stable output over a long term.

An electrode catalyst layer characterized by comprising composite particles comprising electrode catalyst particles supported on electrically conductive particles, a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) and a polyazole compound (component B), the content of the composite particles being 20 to 95% by weight, the total weight of component A and component B being 5 to 80% by weight, the weight ratio between component A and component B (A / B) being 1 to 999.

A proton exchange membrane is obtained which can give an excellent power generation characteristic when the membrane is applied to, in particular, a fuel cell wherein high-concentration methanol is used as a fuel. In the aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange membrane of the invention, the ion exchange capacity is set into the range of 0.6 to 1.3 meq / g. Moreover, the area swelling rate for a 30% by mass methanol aqueous solution at 40° C. is set into the range of 2 to 30%. Preferably, a sulfonic acid group is bonded to an aromatic ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon based polymer contained in the aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange film. Preferably, the aromatic hydrocarbon based polymer is a polyarylene ether based polymer.

It is to provide a membrane / electrode assembly excellent in the power generation characteristics under low or no humidity conditions and under high humidity conditions; and an electrolyte material having a low water content, suitable for a catalyst layer of a membrane / electrode assembly.It is to use an electrolyte material, which comprises a polymer (H) having ion exchange groups converted from precursor groups in a polymer (F), the polymer (F) having repeating units (A) based on a perfluoromonomer having a precursor group of an ion exchange group and a 5-membered ring to which the precursor group is bonded and repeating units (B) represented by the formula (u2), and having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 2.3 dL / g.wherein R1 to R4 are a fluorine atom, a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group or the like.

Disclosed is a paste for a back contact-type solar cell that includes: (a) electrically conductive particles containing silver particle and added particles selected from the group consisting of (i) metal particles selected from the group consisting of Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Os, Ir and Pt particles, (ii) a metal alloy containing the metal particles, and (iii) particles loaded with the metal particles, (b) glass frit, and (c) a resin binder.

The invention discloses an anode gas supply device and method of a fuel cell engine. Startup purging, hydrogen circulation, tail gas emission and shutdown purging of the galvanic pile are realized through a hydrogen inlet pressure regulating branch, a gas in-pile branch, an air purging branch, a gas circulation branch, a gas out-pile branch and a gas tail gas exhaust branch; therefore, enough hydrogen flow, pressure and internal suitable humidity are provided for normal operation of the fuel cell, high-efficiency stable operation of the fuel cell engine is realized without frequent load changeof a circulating pump, good power generation characteristics are ensured, and the hydrogen-rich fuel cell engine has the characteristics of high hydrogen utilization rate, strong tail gas exhaust effect and the like.

Provided are a membrane electrode assembly that has excellent power generation properties and is less susceptible to breaking of a catalyst layer even under low-humidity to no-humidity conditions as well as under high-humidity conditions, and an electrolyte material suitable for the catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly. Used is an electrolyte material comprising a polymer (H) including: a unit (A) which has an ion exchange group and in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms; a unit (B) which has a five-membered ring and in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms; and a unit (C) which has neither an ion exchange group nor a ring structure, has an ether bond, and has an ether equivalent of 350 or less as established by formula (I), and in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms. Formula (I): Ether equivalent = the molecular weight of the monomer forming the unit (C) / the number of ether bonds in the monomer forming the unit (C).

A direct-type fuel cell having excellent power generating characteristics even under operating conditions utilizing a high concentration fuel at low air flow rates. The anode includes an anode-side diffusion layer that faces the fuel flow channel and an anode-side catalyst layer in contact with the electrolyte membrane. The cathode includes a cathode-side diffusion layer that faces the air flow channel and a cathode-side catalyst layer in contact with the electrolyte membrane. A surface area of the anode-side diffusion layer facing the fuel flow channel or both a surface area of the anode-side diffusion layer facing the fuel flow channel and a surface area of the cathode-side diffusion layer facing the air flow channel have a critical surface tension of penetrating wettability of 22 to 40 mN / m.

A direct oxidation fuel cell includes at least one unit cell. The at least one unit cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a hydrogen-ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes: a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane; and a diffusion layer. The diffusion layer includes: a porous composite layer containing a water-repellent binding material and an electron-conductive material; a first conductive porous substrate provided on the anode-side separator side of the porous composite layer; and a second conductive porous substrate provided on the catalyst layer side of the porous composite layer.

A vacuum processing apparatus is provided, in which a deposition characteristic is easily adjusted, and occurrence of difference in deposition characteristic between deposition chambers can be suppressed, and reduction in equipment cost can be achieved, and a deposition method using the vacuum processing apparatus is provided. The vacuum processing apparatus is characterized by having a plurality of discharge electrodes (3a to 3h) that are supplied with high-frequency power from a power supply unit (17a) through both ends (53) thereof, and form plasma with respect to a substrate (8) respectively, and a plurality of matching boxes (3a to 3ht) which tune phases and amplitudes of the high-frequency power supplied to the plurality of discharge electrodes (3a to 3h) at the ends (53) respectively; wherein impedance of the plurality of matching boxes (3a to 3ht) are set to approximately the same value, and the impedance value is a value at which reflected power is approximately minimized, the reflected power being returned to the power supply unit (17a) from one discharge electrode among the plurality of discharge electrodes (3a to 3h).

The invention discloses a heat pump cooling / heating system of a solar photovoltaic power generation system, comprising a solar photovoltaic panel and a working medium evaporator arranged below the solar photovoltaic panel. The working medium evaporator is sequentially connected with a three-way reversing valve, a working medium compressor, a working medium condenser and an electronic expansion valve to form a circulation loop. A working medium thermometer is arranged on the working medium evaporator. A hot water thermometer is arranged inside the working medium condenser. The working medium thermometer, the hot water thermometer and the electronic expansion valve are connected with a main control computer. While that the solar photovoltaic system works at optimal temperature is ensured, cooled heat can be recycled for heating, the solar energy utilization rate of the original system is improved greatly, the operation mode of solar photovoltaic power generation operation all the year is optimized, and the utilization rate of solar energy throughout the year is maximized. Moreover, the quality of energy can be improved through use of heat pumps, cooled heat at low temperature can be improved to a higher quality level to meet the requirements of life and heating temperature, and low-quality heat is recycled all year round.

In a magnetoelectric generator generating electric power by electromagnetic induction between permanent magnets and a generating coil due to rotation of a flywheel, a plurality of press-worked portions for forcibly increasing roundness of the flywheel are formed by press working on a bottom portion of the flywheel.

Disclosed is a method for producing an assembly (30) of membrane, electrode, gas diffusion layer and gasket, which comprises a cathode sealing step wherein a cathode side gasket (6) is formed on the end faces of a cathode side gas diffusion layer (4) and a cathode catalyst layer (2) of a membrane-electrode-gas diffusion layer assembly (20), and an anode sealing step wherein an anode side gasket (7) is formed on the end faces of an anode side gas diffusion layer (5) and an anode catalyst layer (3) of the assembly (20). This method for producing a membrane-electrode-gas diffusion layer-gasket assembly (30) is characterized in that when C1 represents the thickness of the cathode side gasket (6), A1 represents the thickness of the cathode catalyst layer (2) and B1 represents the cathode side gas diffusion layer (4), the relation (1) shown below is satisfied. (A1 + B1) / C1 >= 1.2 (1).

To provide: an electrolyte material having high oxygen permeability as compared with conventional ones; a membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell excellent in power generation characteristics as compared with conventional ones; a liquid composition suitable for forming a catalyst layer for the membrane electrode assembly; and a fluorinated branched polymer useful as e.g. a raw material of the electrolyte material. The electrolyte material comprises a fluoropolymer (H)1 having a structural unit (u1) that has an ionic group and a structural unit (u2) that has an alicyclic structure, wherein the fluoropolymer (H)1 is composed of a branched molecular chain, and has a segment (A)3 comprising a molecular chain having the structural unit (u1) and a segment (B)2 composed of a molecular chain having the structural unit (u2), and the ion exchange capacity of the segment (B)2 is smaller than the ion exchange capacity of the segment (A)3.

A photovoltaic module has a photovoltaic cell assembly and a diode assembly. The photovoltaic cell assembly is formed by stacking a rear surface electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a transparent electrode layer on one surface of a substrate, and an electrode layer formed on the other surface of the substrate. The diode assembly is formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer on one surface of a second substrate. The first electrode layer or the second electrode layer of the diode assembly is formed of a conductive oxide. The electrode layer formed on the other surface of the substrate of the photovoltaic cell assembly and the electrode layer of the diode assembly surface-contact and electrically connected with each other. The photovoltaic cell assembly and the diode assembly are sealed and integrated with each other by a sealing member.

It is to provide an electrolyte material with which an increase in the water content can be suppressed even when the ion exchange capacity of a polymer having repeating units based on a monomer having a dioxolane ring is high; and a membrane / electrode assembly excellent in the power generation characteristics under low or no humidity conditions and under high humidity conditions.It is to use an electrolyte material, which comprises a polymer (H) having ion exchange groups converted from precursor groups in a polymer (F), and having an ion exchange capacity of at least 1.35 meq / g dry resin, the polymer (F) having repeating units (A) based on a perfluoromonomer having a precursor group of an ion exchange group and a dioxolane ring and repeating units (B) based on a perfluoromonomer having no precursor group and having a dioxolane ring, and having a TQ of at least 200° C., which is a temperature at which the melt volume rate becomes 100 mm3 / sec when the polymer (F) is subjected to melt-extrusion under an extrusion pressure condition of 2.94 MPa from a nozzle having a length of 1 mm and an inner diameter of 1 mm.

A rotary electric machine for a vehicle includes a rotor, a stator and a rectifying device for current AC / DC conversion. The machine operates as a motor and a generator. The machine includes a multi-phase windings, switching elements forming a rectifying device, and a controller for controlling a current path of the multi-phase windings by switching the switching elements on and off to perform two modes of operation. The switching elements are switched such that one end of each windings is connected to either a high electrical potential end or a low electrical potential end of the rectifying device and the other ends of the windings connected together to be the same electrical potential are connected to either the high electrical potential end or the low electrical potential end in the rectifying device.

Provided are: an electrolyte material which is capable of providing a membrane electrode assembly that is not susceptible to flooding in a catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly and breakage of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and has excellent power generation characteristics; and a method which enables the production of an electrolyte material that has suppressed low moisture content even though the electrolyte material is formed of a polymer that has a unit derived from a perfluoromonomer having a dioxolane ring. An electrolyte material which is formed of a polymer (H) that is obtained by exchanging -SO2F groups in a polymer (F) with ion exchange groups, said polymer (F) having a unit derived from a perfluoromonomer having an -SO2F group and a dioxolane ring, a unit derived from a perfluoromonomer having a dioxolane ring but not having an -SO2F group, and a unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene. This electrolyte material has an ion exchange capacity of 0.9-1.3 meq / g-dry resin and a moisture content of 20-100%.

Disclosed is a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising a polyelectrolyte containing an ion exchange group. The polyelectrolyte membrane satisfies a relationship represented by formula (I): Sp / Snp <= 0.42 (I) In formula (I), Sp represents the sum of areas of peaks in a spectrum obtained by the measurement of 13C-solid NMR of a polyelectrolyte membrane after subjecting the polyelectrolyte membrane to first immersion treatment in which the polyelectrolyte membrane is immersed in a 5 mmol / L aqueous iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate solution at 25 DEG C for one hour followed by drying under conditions of 25 DEG C and not more than 10 hPa for 12 hours; and Snp represents the sum of areas of peaks in a spectrum obtained by the measurement of 13C-solid NMR of a polyelectrolyte membrane after subjecting the polyelectrolyte membrane to second immersion treatment in which the polyelectrolyte membrane before the first immersion treatment is immersed in water at 25 DEG C for one hour followed by drying under conditions of 25 DEG C and not more than 10 hPa for 12 hours.

A rotary electric machine for a vehicle includes a rotor, a stator and a rectifying device for current AC / DC conversion. The machine operates as a motor and a generator. The machine comprises a multi-phase windings, switching elements forming a rectifying device, and a controller for controlling a current path of the multi-phase windings by switching the switching elements on and off to perform two modes of operation. The switching elements are switched such that one end of each windings is connected to either a high electrical potential end or a low electrical potential end of the rectifying device and the other ends of the windings connected together to be the same electrical potential are connected to either the high electrical potential end or the low electrical potential end in the rectifying device.

A solid electrolyte type fuel cell which incorporates a metal separator comprising a base material of a metal other than silver or a silver alloy which is plated with silver or a silver alloy. The fuel cell can achieve improved efficiency for electricity generation with no increase of the resistance of the metal separator, even when it is operated at a low temperature.

A fuel cell comprises an membrane electrode assembly formed by holding an electrolyte membrane between a pair of electrodes and a separator layered on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly for forming gas passages between the separator and the electrode. The separator includes protrusions formed on both surfaces thereof for contacting with the electrode, and a spacer portion disposed between the protrusions for substantially forming the gas passage. The protrusions and the spacer portions are arranged along a surface direction of the separator so as to form a corrugated plate. At least two drawn portions in which thickness of the spacer portion changes to a thin portion are formed between the protrusions in the spacer portion.