The invention discloses a molasses alcohol waste liquor evaporation and concentration system serving as a heat source of an alcohol distillery. Materials pass through a V-effect evaporator, an IV-effect evaporator, an III-effect evaporator, a first heater, a clarification tank, a second heater, a third heater, an I-effect evaporator and an II-effect evaporator in the flowing direction of molasses alcohol waste liquor; low-concentration alcohol waste liquor at the temperature of 80 DEG C from the distillery enters a V-effect evaporation tank and is pumped into an IV evaporation tank and an III-effect evaporation tank. Medium-concentration alcohol waste liquor from the III-effect evaporation tank is heated to 95 DEG C or higher by the II-effect juice steam and the first heater, enters the clarification tank to be clarified, is heated to 105 DEG C by the second heater, the third heater and I-effect juice steam and enters the I-effect evaporation tank and the II-effect evaporation tank. Secondary steam generated through multi-effect evaporation of the waste liquor is used for an energy-saving reconstruction technique for alcohol distillation, the use amount of primary steam during alcohol production is reduced, the energy consumption during alcohol production is reduced, and the production and operation costs are saved.