The application discloses a chain bucket type rectangular groove excavating device and a whole-section soil sampling method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil
sample collection. The device comprises an
elevator assembly, a
quadrilateral frame, a chain excavating
assembly, an excavating bucket and a
cutting unit. The
elevator assembly is fixed to the ground surface, the
quadrilateral frame can be horizontally slid to adjust the position, the bottom of the chain excavating assembly is horizontally arranged, and the
cutting unit cuts the
root system before the excavating bucket contacts the soil. When sampling, a first pair of parallel rectangular grooves are excavated first, the
elevator is moved and rotated by 90 degrees, and then a second pair of parallel rectangular grooves are excavated, so that a character-shaped groove is formed, a protection plate is installed and spliced into a sample box body, and the
soil column is pulled out as a whole by using the elevator. The application does not need to dig an operation pit, can realize root
cutting, anti-soil return, synchronous film laying and in-situ protection of the
soil column, and has the advantages of high sampling efficiency, good
soil column integrity, safe and convenient operation and the like.