The invention discloses synthetic base drilling fluid, which comprises ingredients: base fluid, alkalinity regulating agents, weighting agent and water, wherein emulsion which has the PH value being 8.5 to 10 and the specific weight being 1.2 to 2.0g/cm<3> and is formed by uniformly mixing the ingredients is the drilling fluid, and the base fluid comprises ingredients: limonene, bipentene, butylcellosolve, alkyl polyglucoside, alcohol ether carboxylate, white oil and simethicone. The drilling fluid has the advantages of both ether base type drilling fluid and alpha-olefin type drilling fluid, the influence on the viscosity of the drilling fluid caused by the temperature change is little, the application range is wide, the adopted raw materials hardly contain dutrex, in addition, the price is low, the production cost is low, the biological degradability is good, the environmental-friendly effect is realized, the drilling fluid can adapt to wide acid-base conditions, and excellent surface activity, lubricating performance and chemical stability are realized.