The invention discloses a lysis solution and method for extracting ancient biological bone DNA. The lysis solution is prepared from 10 mM of Tris-HCl with pH of 8.5, 10-15 mM of EDTA, 1.0-1.5 wt% of SDS, 150 mM of NaCl and 0.3-0.5 mg/ml of protease K. By means of improving the components of the SDS, the EDTA and the protease K respectively, the lysis degree of the lysis solution on bone tissue can be obviously improved. Meanwhile, when the lysis solution is used, by means of protein solution removing, DNA wash liquid treatment and a DNA centrifugal column method, impurity composition in DNA samples can be obviously reduced, the improvement of PCR amplification effect is facilitated, and therefore high-purity ancient biological bone DNA can be obtained conveniently.