The invention provides an aqueous thin coating type aluminum alloy fireproof coating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aqueous thin coating type aluminum alloy fireproof coating material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials by weight: 5-10 parts of an organosilicon modified acrylic emulsion, 25-30 parts of an acrylic polyester copolymer, 5-10 parts of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 20-25 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 3-5 parts of melamine, 5-9 parts of dipentaerythritol, 2-6 parts of bentonite, 15-20 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.2-0.6 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.1-0.5 part of an anti-foaming agent, 0.3-0.5 part of a dispersant, 0.1-0.4 part of a bactericide, 0.2-0.8 part of a corrosion inhibitor, and 4-10 parts of water. According to the present invention, the aqueous thin coating type aluminum alloy fireproof coating material has advantages of uniform fineness, high bonding strength, long flame retardant time, good weather resistance, thin coating, environmental protection and the like; and the preparation method has characteristics of simple process, high production efficiency, stable product quality and environmental friendliness.